{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T23:14:45Z","timestamp":1794093285678,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. The pathogenesis and risk factors for the development of diabetic kidney disease are complex and multifaceted, resulting in glomerular hypertrophy, tubulointerstitial inflammation, and fibrosis. The clinical staging progresses over 5 stages from early hyperfiltration to overt nephropathy. Primary prevention like glycaemic control, control of blood pressure, treatment of dyslipidemia and lifestyle modifications have shown promising benefits. Despite widespread research, very few drugs are available to retard disease progression. More literature and research are needed to fill these lacunae. We carried out a literature search focusing on newer updates in diabetic kidney disease pathophysiology, diagnosis and management using a PubMed search through the National library of medicine using keywords \u201cDiabetic kidney disease,\u201d and \u201cDiabetic nephropathy\u201d till the year 2022. We have summarized the relevant information from those articles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000033366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T11:02:53Z","timestamp":1680260573000},"page":"e33366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Management of diabetic kidney disease: where do we stand?: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Devada","family":"Sindhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, AIIMS Rishikesh, Dehradun, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4529-9048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaurav Shekhar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, AIIMS Rishikesh, Dehradun, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damodar","family":"Kumbala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrologist, Renal Associates of Baton Rogue, Baton Rogue, LA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.06.019","article-title":"KDIGO 2020 clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease.","volume":"98","author":"de Boer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R2-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-8794-3-33","article-title":"Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis for diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus.","volume":"3","author":"Bell","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Med Genomics"},{"key":"R3-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-4065.82122","article-title":"Diabetic nephropathy \u2013 epidemiology in Asia and the current state of treatment.","volume":"21","author":"Ritz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Nephrol"},{"key":"R5-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11491116","article-title":"Diabetic kidney disease: challenges, progress, and possibilities.","volume":"12","author":"Alicic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"Suppl_1","key":"R6-20250504","first-page":"S46","article-title":"4. 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A model of old drugs for new horizons.","volume":"8","author":"Donate-Correa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"R46-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-013-0002-3","article-title":"Cilostazol effectively attenuates deterioration of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"45","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"R47-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30772-X","article-title":"Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"393","author":"Heerspink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R48-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010101049","article-title":"Pirfenidone for diabetic nephropathy.","volume":"22","author":"Sharma","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R49-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.09.009","article-title":"Use of paricalcitol as adjunctive therapy to reniangiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition for diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review of the literature.","volume":"41","author":"Schuster","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Ther"}],"container-title":["Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000033366","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T22:14:41Z","timestamp":1746310481000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000033366"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000033366","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7974"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7974","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]}}}