{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T15:22:44Z","timestamp":1781623364426,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"31","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691107200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We aimed to present our 20-year experience of using the deep inferior epigastric vessels as recipient vessels for free scapular flaps phalloplasty and evaluate the outcomes. Penile reconstruction was performed using a free scapular flap between 2000 and 2020 by the same surgical team. Deep inferior epigastric vessels were used in all the cases. The surgical techniques and outcomes were described. Overall, 73 patients used the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) as the recipient artery. Regarding the recipient veins, 2 veins were anastomosed in 72 (98.6%) patients, 1 deep inferior epigastric vein (DIEV) was used in 1 patient, 2 DIEV in 14, 1 DIEV + superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) in 13, 1 DIEV + superficial circumflex iliac vein (SCIV) in 38, great saphenous vein (GSV) + SCIV in 4, and GSV + SIEV in 3. The mean age and body mass index of the study cohort was 28 years and 24.3\u2009kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively. The shortest follow-up time was 7 months. Eleven patients had flap-related complications. Three patients were readmitted to the operating room within 24 hours, and 2 of them underwent salvage procedures with venous revision. Two patients lost the entire flap. One patient with 3-cm distal portion necrosis required surgical intervention. Three patients experienced urethral necrosis. DIEA is a suitable receptor artery for inflow. The DIEV, SIEV, and SCIV are available options for venous drainage according to the patient anatomical characteristics. The GSV can be an excellent backup for outflow and salvage procedures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000034603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,6]],"date-time":"2023-08-06T02:05:04Z","timestamp":1691287504000},"page":"e34603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Deep inferior epigastric vessels for free scapular flap phalloplasty"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Shuyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sisi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang-Qun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20260212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.03.017","article-title":"Phalloplasty flap-related complication.","volume":"45","author":"Esmonde","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"R2-20260212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2018.02.002","article-title":"Total penile reconstruction: a systematic review.","volume":"71","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"R3-20260212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002518","article-title":"Phalloplasty: a review of techniques and outcomes.","volume":"138","author":"Morrison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R4-20260212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198702000-00006","article-title":"New concepts in phallic reconstruction.","volume":"18","author":"Gilbert","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"R5-20260212","first-page":"592","article-title":"Addressing the ideal requirements by free flap phalloplasty: some reflections on refinements of technique.","volume":"14","author":"Hage","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mircosurg"},{"key":"R6-20260212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1677879","article-title":"Free tissue transfer penile reconstruction.","volume":"33","author":"Kropp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"key":"R7-20260212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.02.010","article-title":"Flap combination phalloplasty in female-to-male transsexuals.","volume":"16","author":"Namba","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"R8-20260212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1267215","article-title":"Penile reconstruction with the radial forearm flap: an update.","volume":"43","author":"Doornaert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir"},{"key":"R9-20260212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181aeeb06","article-title":"Penile reconstruction: is the radial forearm flap really the standard technique?","volume":"124","author":"Monstrey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R10-20260212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.07.025","article-title":"Total phallic reconstruction in the genetic male.","volume":"79","author":"Falcone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"R11-20260212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18e","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000246717.81077.e4","article-title":"Microvascular surgery.","volume":"119","author":"Evans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R12-20260212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000007036","article-title":"Technical description and microsurgical outcomes in phalloplasty using the deep inferior epigastric artery and locoregional veins.","volume":"146","author":"Danker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R13-20260212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(82)90076-5","article-title":"The scapular flap\u2014an anatomical and clinical study.","volume":"35","author":"Mayou","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"R14-20260212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.07.084","article-title":"Outcomes of single stage phalloplasty by pedicled anterolateral thigh flap versus radial forearm free flap in gender confirming surgery.","volume":"199","author":"Ascha","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R15-20260212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000096425.18223.60","article-title":"Do multiple venous anastomoses reduce risk of thrombosis in free-flap transfer? Efficacy of dual anastomoses of separate venous systems.","volume":"52","author":"Ichinose","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"R16-20260212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001791","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of double venous anastomosis in free flaps.","volume":"136","author":"Riot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R17-20260212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181ef8c9f","article-title":"One versus two venous anastomoses in microvascular free flap surgery.","volume":"126","author":"Hanasono","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R18-20260212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200006000-00010","article-title":"Effect of smoking on complications in patients undergoing free TRAM flap breast reconstruction.","volume":"105","author":"Chang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"}],"container-title":["Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000034603","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T14:08:06Z","timestamp":1770905286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000034603"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"31","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000034603","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7974"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7974","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]}}}