{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T16:59:48Z","timestamp":1784221188278,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"43","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698364800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The association of key genes in the transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) signaling pathway and their gene polymorphisms with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To investigate the association of gene polymorphisms related to the TGF-\u03b2 signaling pathway in URSA women.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study population consisted of 80 women with URSA and 90 normal control women, of which 10 women with URSA and 10 normal control women underwent high-throughput sequencing to select loci, and the remaining 70 women with URSA and 80 normal control women underwent flight mass spectrometry experiments to verify gene loci polymorphism. A total of 7 polymorphic loci in interleukin-6 (IL-6), TGF-\u03b21, TNF-\u03b1, SMAD1, and TNFRSF4 genes were screened by high-throughput sequencing combined with a review of databases. An SNP flight mass spectrometer (Mass ARRAY detection system) was applied to detect the polymorphisms and their frequencies in 70 women with URSA and 80 normal control women at the 7 gene loci.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Among the 7 loci of IL-6, TGF-\u03b21, TNF-\u03b1, SMAD1, and TNFRSF4 genes, 2 loci were found to have significantly different allele and genotype frequency distributions between the 70 URSA and 80 normal controls, one was the IL-6 gene -174G\/C locus (rs1800795), the risk of disease was 2.636 and 3.231 times higher in individuals carrying the C allele and CC genotype than in those carrying the G allele and GG genotype, respectively; the other was the TGF-\u03b21 gene -509T\/C locus (rs1800469), and the risk of disease was 1.959 and 3.609 times higher in individuals carrying the T allele and TT genotype than in those carrying the C allele and CC genotype, respectively. The remaining 5 genetic loci have no statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>IL-6 gene -174G\/C locus (rs1800795) genotype CC and allele C may be the causative factor of URSA, TGF-\u03b21 gene -509T\/C locus (rs1800469) genotype TT and allele T may be the causative factor of URSA, and polymorphisms of the 2 loci may be associated with URSA.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000035697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T23:06:29Z","timestamp":1707519989000},"page":"e35697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Correlation of TGF-\u03b2 signaling pathway gene polymorphisms with unexplained recurrent spontaneous 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