{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:37:32Z","timestamp":1784565452656,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"46","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700179200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) subtypes and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) plasma levels in evaluating the fluid overload and cardiac function of elderly patients with cardiovascular disease. The plasma levels of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and GDF-15 were measured using ELISA. Their correlations with N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-Pro BNP) and echocardiography data were analyzed. 1. Higher plasma levels of VEGF-D and GDF-15 were observed in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease and heart failure(<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u2005&lt;\u2005.01). VEGF-D plasma levels were higher in patients with chronic heart failure than those with acute myocardial infarction (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u2005&lt;\u2005.01). VEGF-D plasma levels were positively correlated with amino-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u2005&lt;\u2005.001). VEGF-D plasma levels were positively correlated with echocardiographic parameters, including left atrial diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction, in patients with cardiovascular disease (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u2005&lt;\u2005.01). 2. VEGF-C plasma levels were higher in acute myocardial infarction group (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u2005&lt;\u2005.05). The plasma levels of VEGF-C were not correlated with either VEGF-D or NT-pro BNP plasma levels. VEGF-C plasma levels had no correlation with echocardiographic parameters. 3. GDF-15 plasma levels were positively correlated with sera biomarkers of cardiac injury (creatine kinase isoenzyme MB and cardiac troponin I). GDF-15 plasma levels were positively correlated with urinary biomarkers of tubular injury (N-acetyl-\u03b2-galactosidase and \u03b11-microglobulin). Both GDF-15 and NT-pro BNP plasma levels were correlated with age, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and nutritional biomarkers (albumin and hemoglobin plasma levels). VEGF-D plasma levels is a potential biomarker of fluid overload and cardiac function in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease. Age, nutrition, and kidney injury are factors influencing both GDF-15 and NT-pro BNP plasma levels in estimating cardiac function and fluid overload.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000036062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T09:21:56Z","timestamp":1701163316000},"page":"e36062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Vascular endothelial growth factor-D plasma levels in fluid overload and cardiac function evaluation of elderly patients with cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0121-4310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China"},{"name":"Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fa-Hu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, Wuxi Institute of Technology, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Fen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.","volume":"395","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R2-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.052792","article-title":"Evidence-based medical therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and chronic kidney disease.","volume":"145","author":"Beldhuis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R3-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012336","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012336","article-title":"Cardiac biomarkers and risk of incident heart failure in chronic kidney disease: the CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) Study.","volume":"8","author":"Bansal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"R4-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e014385","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014385","article-title":"Association of cardiac biomarkers with the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire in patients with chronic kidney disease without heart failure.","volume":"9","author":"Tummalapalli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"R5-20250504","first-page":"7945","article-title":"Association of brain natriuretic peptide and adrenomedullin plasma levels with left ventricular filling pressures in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis.","volume":"22","author":"Tzatzaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"R6-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz281","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor D is a biomarker of fluid overload in haemodialysis patients.","volume":"36","author":"von Moos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"R7-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6543","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006543","article-title":"Serum VEGF-C levels as a candidate biomarker of hypervolemia in chronic kidney disease.","volume":"96","author":"Sahutoglu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R8-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3402","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI97192","article-title":"The cardiac lymphatic system stimulates resolution of inflammation following myocardial infarction.","volume":"128","author":"Vieira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R9-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H384","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00208.2016","article-title":"Hyperplasia, de novo lymphangiogenesis, and lymphatic regression in mice with tissue-specific, inducible overexpression of murine VEGF-D.","volume":"311","author":"Lammoglia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"R10-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8889","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168889","article-title":"GDF15 and cardiac cells: current concepts and new insights.","volume":"22","author":"Rochette","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R11-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.05.001","article-title":"GDF-15 is associated with sudden cardiac death due to incident myocardial infarction.","volume":"152","author":"Andersson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"R12-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-020-01597-x","article-title":"Soluble neprilysin, NT-proBNP, and growth differentiation factor-15 as biomarkers for heart failure in dialysis patients (SONGBIRD).","volume":"109","author":"Claus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"R13-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2019.1678565","article-title":"The clinical impact of growth differentiation factor-15 in heart disease: a 2019 update.","volume":"57","author":"Arkoumani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"R14-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.12.069","article-title":"Multiple plasma biomarkers for risk stratification in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction.","volume":"75","author":"Chirinos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R15-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22856","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203579","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of renal prognosis in elderly coronary artery disease patients complicated with renal insufficiency.","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"R16-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2017.02.001","article-title":"Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and prognosis of heart failure in older adults.","volume":"13","author":"Dharmarajan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Fail Clin"},{"key":"R17-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.007","article-title":"2011 ACCF\/AHA\/SCAI guideline for percutaneous coronary intervention: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions.","volume":"58","author":"Levine","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R18-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ehad195","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad195","article-title":"2023 Focused Update of the 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure.","volume":"44","author":"McDonagh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R19-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.03.022","article-title":"2014 AHA\/ACC\/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society.","volume":"64","author":"January","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R20-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00365.x","article-title":"Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: a position statement from Kidney Disease: improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO).","volume":"67","author":"Levey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R21-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.058","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor D, pulmonary congestion, and incidence of heart failure.","volume":"71","author":"Born\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R22-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2998-x","article-title":"Lymphoangiocrine signals promote cardiac growth and repair.","volume":"588","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R23-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-0045","article-title":"VEGFC reduces glomerular albumin permeability and protects against alterations in VEGF receptor expression in diabetic nephropathy.","volume":"68","author":"Onions","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"R24-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2017.77","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor-C ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis through lymphangiogenesis in mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction.","volume":"97","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"R25-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9616","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27648","article-title":"VEGF\u2010C attenuates renal damage in salt\u2010sensitive hypertension.","volume":"234","author":"Beaini","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"R26-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1159\/000455907","article-title":"Association of growth differentiation factor 15 with mortality in a prospective hemodialysis cohort.","volume":"7","author":"You","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiorenal Med"},{"key":"R27-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.02.028","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor-15 preserves Klotho expression in acute kidney injury and kidney fibrosis.","volume":"101","author":"Vali\u00f1o-Rivas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int"}],"container-title":["Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000036062","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T08:03:14Z","timestamp":1746345794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000036062"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"46","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000036062","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7974","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-5964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]}}}