{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T17:41:15Z","timestamp":1789926075993,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"47","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700784000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Rationale:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Hypoglycemia is common in patients with glucose regulation disorders and related diabetic treatments but is rare in nondiabetic patients. Severe hypoglycemia can cause harm to patients\u2019 cognition, consciousness, central nervous system, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system, and even death. However, the most fundamental way to control hypoglycemia is to identify the cause and deal with the primary disease. This article introduces 3 cases of nondiabetic hypoglycemia with different causes, aiming to improve our understanding of nondiabetic hypoglycemia and improve the ability of early diagnosis and differential diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Patient concerns:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Case 1 is a 19-year-old female with a history of recurrent coma, and magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasound of the pancreas suggest insulinoma. Case 2 is a 74-year-old male with a history of viral hepatitis, and computerized tomography shows multiple nodules in the liver, which is diagnosed as liver cancer. Case 3 is a 39-year-old female with a history of taking methimazole, who tested positive for insulin antibodies, and was diagnosed with insulin autoimmune syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Diagnosis:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>All 3 patients were diagnosed with nondiabetic hypoglycemia, but the causes varied, and included insulinoma, non-islet cell tumor-induced hypoglycemia, and insulin autoimmune syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Interventions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Case 1 underwent pancreatic tail resection; case 2 refused anti-tumor treatment and received glucose injections for palliative treatment only; and case 3 stopped taking methimazole.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Outcomes:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>After surgery, the blood sugar in case 1 returned to normal, and the blood sugar in case 2 was maintained at about 6.0 mmol\/L. The symptoms of hypoglycemia gradually improved in case 3 after stopping the medication.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Lessons:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Non-diabetic hypoglycemia requires further examination to clarify the cause, and the correct differential diagnosis can provide timely and effective treatment, improving the patient\u2019s prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000036273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T19:01:48Z","timestamp":1701716508000},"page":"e36273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A review on nondiabetic hypoglycemia from various causes: Case series report"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Lulu","family":"Gan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, The Central Hospital of Xiaogan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China"},{"name":"Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyao","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shibo","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, The Central Hospital of Xiaogan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, The Central Hospital of Xiaogan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3351-4732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yimin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, The Central Hospital of Xiaogan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China"},{"name":"Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-20250524","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2020.04.003","article-title":"Rare causes of hypoglycemia in adults.","volume":"81","author":"Douillard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol (Paris)"},{"key":"R3-20250524","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712392","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.712392","article-title":"Case report: insulinoma presenting as excessive daytime somnolence.","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"R4-20250524","first-page":"17","article-title":"Pro-IGF2-induced hypoglycaemia associated with hepatocellular carcinoma.","volume":"2017","author":"van den Berg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep"},{"key":"R5-20250524","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R79","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-19-0476","article-title":"Innovative imaging of insulinoma: the end of sampling? 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A \u201cpro\u201d point of view.","volume":"71","author":"Zandee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"R18-20250524","first-page":"3167","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma with worsened hypoglycemia after transarterial chemoembolization: a case report and systematic review.","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"}],"container-title":["Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000036273","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T18:00:30Z","timestamp":1748109630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000036273"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"47","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000036273","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7974","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-5964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]]}}}