{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T01:44:12Z","timestamp":1768268652091,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"33","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Gallstone with acute cholecystitis is one of the most common diseases in the clinic. If the disease is serious, gallbladder gangrene, perforation, and sepsis may be caused. Gallbladder diseases rarely cause thoracic-related complications, especially pleural fistula, which is very rare in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Patient concerns:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A 52-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department for 1 month with recurrent right middle and upper abdominal pain.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Diagnosis:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Computed tomography diagnosis: cholecystitis and peri-inflammation, small abscess around the base of the gallbladder, local peritonitis, and bilateral pleural effusion.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Interventions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>After admission, conservative treatment was given. On the 4th day of admission, the symptoms worsened, and an emergency catheter drainage was performed on the right thoracic cavity to extract 900\u2009mL of dark yellow effusion. After the operation, a large amount of bili-like fluid was continuously drained from the thoracic drainage tube. After the iatrogenic biliary fistula caused by thoracic puncture was excluded, cholecystopleural fistula was considered to be cholecystopleural fistula. On the 6th day of admission, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)\u2005+\u2005cholecystography\u2005+\u2005Oddi sphincterotomy\u2005+\u2005laminating biliary stent was performed in the emergency department, and cholecystopleural fistula was confirmed during the operation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Outcomes:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The patient recovered well after surgery, computed tomography examination on the 20th day after surgery indicated that pleural effusion was significantly reduced, and the patient was cured and discharged. The patient returned to the hospital 8 months after the ERCP operation to pull out the bile duct\u2013covered stent. The patient did not complain of any discomfort after the postoperative follow-up for 3 years, and no recurrence of stones, empyema, and other conditions was found.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cholecystopleural fistula is one of the serious complications of acute cholecystitis, which is easy to misdiagnose clinically. If the gallbladder inflammation is severe, accompanied by pleural effusion, the pleural effusion is bili-like liquid, or the content of bilirubin is abnormally elevated, the existence of the disease should be considered. Once the diagnosis is clear, active surgical intervention is needed to reduce the occurrence of complications. Endoscopic therapy (ERCP) can be used as both a diagnostic method and an important minimally invasive treatment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000039366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]],"date-time":"2024-08-17T00:03:35Z","timestamp":1723853015000},"page":"e39366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cholecystopleural fistula: A case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4720-2043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu\/West China Airport Hospital of Sichuan University, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu\/West China Airport Hospital of Sichuan University, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu\/West China Airport Hospital of Sichuan University, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangsong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu\/West China Airport Hospital of Sichuan University, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu\/West China Airport Hospital of Sichuan University, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suqi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu\/West China Airport Hospital of Sichuan University, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.05.003","article-title":"Risk factors for acute gangrenous cholecystitis in emergency general surgery patients.","volume":"210","author":"Bourikian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"R2-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2015.02.058","article-title":"Gangrenouscholecystitis: a contemporary review.","volume":"197","author":"Ganapathi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"R3-20250503","first-page":"63","article-title":"Three cases of choledopleural fistula.","volume":"40","author":"Yingjian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Digestion"},{"key":"R4-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1308\/147870810X12659688851951","article-title":"Thoracobilia: a rare complication of gallstone disease.","volume":"92","author":"Frampton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"R5-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22763","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000022763","article-title":"Bilious pleuritis due to hepatic microwave ablation.","volume":"99","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R6-20250503","first-page":"372827","article-title":"Bilothorax: a bitter complication of liver surgery.","volume":"2013","author":"Hamers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Rep Surg"},{"key":"R7-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.107126","article-title":"Biliopleural fistula after penetrating thoracoabdominal injury: a case report.","volume":"94","author":"Tesfaye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"R8-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-020-00336-x","article-title":"2020 World Society of Emergency Surgery updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute calculus cholecystitis.","volume":"15","author":"Pisano","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"R9-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2023.03.020","article-title":"Management of complex acute biliary disease for the general surgeon: a narrative review.","volume":"231","author":"Cadili","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"R10-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.515","article-title":"Tokyo Guidelines 2018: diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholecystitis (with videos).","volume":"25","author":"Yokoe","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci"},{"key":"R11-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-193499060-00005","article-title":"Acute free perforation of the gall-bladder.","volume":"99","author":"Niemeier","year":"1934","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R12-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v15.i6.1191","article-title":"Gallbladder perforation with fistulous communication.","volume":"15","author":"Quiroga-Garza","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"R13-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjac016","article-title":"Cholecystopleural fistula treated by laparoscopy: case report.","volume":"2022","author":"G\u00f3mez-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"R14-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2023.108530","article-title":"Gallbladder empyema: an atypical manifestation of acute cholecystitis.","volume":"109","author":"Trujillo-Guerrero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"R15-20250503","first-page":"232470961772016","article-title":"An interesting case of a bilious pleural effusion.","volume":"5","author":"van Niekerk","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep"},{"key":"R16-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-019-1973-3","article-title":"Recurrent retroperitoneal abscess after biliary tract surgery in an elderly patient: a minimally invasive nonsurgical approach and its consequences: a case report.","volume":"13","author":"Palumbo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"R17-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13380","article-title":"Bronchobiliary fistula after ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent to the diaphragm: case report and literature review.","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"R18-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01435.x","article-title":"Treatment of hydatid bronchobiliary fistulas: 30 years of experience.","volume":"27","author":"Tocchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"R19-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e228294","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-228294","article-title":"Post-traumatic bronchobiliary fistula.","volume":"12","author":"Banerjee","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"R20-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-018-1810-y","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided percutaneous catheter drainage of various types of ruptured amebic liver abscess: a report of 117 cases from a highly endemic zone of India.","volume":"44","author":"Priyadarshi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"R21-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2020.08.024","article-title":"Bilothorax: a rare complication of gallstone disease.","volume":"57","author":"Srivali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"R22-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A4575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.07.2966","article-title":"Bilothorax: a systematic literature review of the rare entity.","volume":"164","author":"Acharya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R23-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1386","DOI":"10.14309\/01.ajg.0000786988.20465.64","article-title":"S3364 the role of ERCP in managing bile leaks from penetrating liver injury.","volume":"116","author":"Sood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R24-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2014.2342","article-title":"Distal bile duct cancers complicated with cholangiobronchopleural fistula after ERCP: a case report.","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"R25-20250503","first-page":"29","article-title":"Anesthetics consideration and literature review in traumatic biliothoracic fistula.","volume":"7","author":"Alvarenga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Surg Sci"},{"key":"R26-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bcr2018224753","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-224753","article-title":"Bronchobiliary fistula caused by diaphragmatic invasion of a hepatic tumour.","volume":"2018","author":"Nathani","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"R27-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1396965","article-title":"Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage complicated by bilothorax.","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"R28-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3973056","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/3973056","article-title":"Bilothorax: a case report and systematic literature review of the rare entity.","volume":"2024","author":"Acharya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pulm Med"},{"key":"R29-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)03382-9","article-title":"Conservative management of thoracobiliary fistula.","volume":"73","author":"Singh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R30-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(94)91022-7","article-title":"Traumatic Thoracobiliary Fistula.","volume":"57","author":"Rothberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R31-20250503","first-page":"89","article-title":"Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for treatment biliopleural fistulas.","volume":"89","author":"Marcos-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cir Cir"}],"container-title":["Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000039366","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T23:03:00Z","timestamp":1746313380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000039366"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"33","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000039366","relation":{},"ISSN":["1536-5964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1536-5964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]}}}