{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T19:47:21Z","timestamp":1791661641663,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Researchers Supporting Project","award":["RSP2024R21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigates the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and examines its association with various metabolic parameters. Conducted as a cross-sectional study at King Saud University, Riyadh, it included 294 Saudi adults aged 25 to 65 years, comprising 119 T2DM patients, 80 prediabetics, and 95 nondiabetic controls. Participants underwent physical examinations, and fasting blood samples were analyzed for glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, and serum magnesium levels. Statistical analysis revealed that lower magnesium levels were significantly more prevalent in T2DM patients (1.65\u2005\u00b1\u20054.9\u2009mg\/L) compared to prediabetes (2.48\u2005\u00b1\u20055.2\u2009mg\/L) and controls (2.9\u2005\u00b1\u20055.4\u2009mg\/L; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u2005&lt;\u2005.001). T2DM patients with magnesium deficiency exhibited higher levels of fasting glucose (11.2\u2005\u00b1\u20053.9 mmol\/L), HbA1c (8.6\u2005\u00b1\u20052.1 mmol\/L), and triglycerides (2.1\u2005\u00b1\u20050.9 mmol\/L), along with increased insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance\u2005=\u20056.6) and decreased insulin sensitivity (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index\u2005=\u20050.29). Magnesium levels correlated negatively with glucose (R\u2005=\u2005\u22120.58) and HbA1c (R\u2005=\u2005\u22120.61). The area under the curve for serum magnesium in predicting HbA1c\u2005&gt;\u20055.7 was 0.88, and for HbA1c\u2005\u2265\u20056.5, it was 0.91, indicating high diagnostic accuracy. These findings suggest that magnesium deficiency significantly impacts the metabolic profile of T2DM patients in Riyadh. Therefore, routine monitoring of magnesium levels is crucial in diabetes management, and further research is needed to explore the benefits of magnesium supplementation in T2DM care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000041253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T03:03:08Z","timestamp":1737428588000},"page":"e41253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Hypomagnesemia in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5472-1725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasser M.","family":"Al-Daghri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sobhy M.","family":"Yakout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Danish","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah M.","family":"Alnaami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Veronese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Barbagallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaun","family":"Sabico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250121","first-page":"47","article-title":"Magnesium metabolism and its disorders.","volume":"24","author":"Swaminathan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Biochem Rev"},{"key":"R2-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i10.1152","article-title":"Magnesium and type 2 diabetes.","volume":"6","author":"Barbagallo","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"R3-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02960906","article-title":"Hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.","volume":"2","author":"Pham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R4-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2014.29.1.84","article-title":"Serum magnesium level is associated with type 2 diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: the Korea national diabetes program study.","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"R5-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.2174\/138161210790883679","article-title":"Magnesium and aging.","volume":"16","author":"Barbagallo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"R6-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S1262-3636(07)70116-7","article-title":"Oral magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic subjects with insulin resistance. 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