{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T11:29:47Z","timestamp":1787657387917,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Soil-transmitted helminthiasis remains a daunting challenge to global health, exerting its greatest toll on resource-limited regions of the world. A dual drug approach using the co-administration of ivermectin and albendazole has shown promising results in comparison to the traditional monotherapy strategy. In light of this, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Several electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Central, Google Scholar, and Embase were explored to search for relevant studies from inception to September 2023. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Controlled Studies was utilized to evaluate the quality of studies.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 8 randomized controlled trials, reporting 10 patient populations, were included. The treatment of trichuriasis significantly favored the dual therapy regimen of ivermectin\u2013albendazole over albendazole-only monotherapy (risk ratio [RR]: 2.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.66\u20134.93; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u2005=\u2005.0002), with no significant differences observed for ascariasis and hookworm. The treatment of trichuriasis and hookworm significantly favored the dual therapy regimen of ivermectin\u2013albendazole over ivermectin-only monotherapy (RR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.56\u20132.21; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u2005&lt;\u2005.00001 and RR: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.23\u20134.31; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u2005=\u2005.009, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between dual therapy and monotherapy in terms of adverse effects.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These findings highlight the nuanced effectiveness of combined therapy specific to certain helminth types, in addition to their comparable safety profiles, thereby providing pivotal insights that contribute to the evolving landscape of soil-transmitted helminth treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000041280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T03:03:19Z","timestamp":1737428599000},"page":"e41280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficacy and safety of ivermectin\u2013albendazole combination versus ivermectin or albendazole monotherapy in soil-transmitted helminthiasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0647-8181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hurais","family":"Malik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8001-7248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Fazal Ud","family":"Din","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary and Secondary Healthcare Department, Punjab, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6023-3992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Aqib","family":"Faizan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Gomal Medical College, Khyber Medical University, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1527-4333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tooba","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Gomal Medical College, Khyber Medical University, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9040-3345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Hudaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1553-6009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Muhammad Abdullah","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0500-1309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah Abid","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3985-8511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syeda Fatima","family":"Amir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1909-9690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Musarrat","family":"Fraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0533-4365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maham","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences, Nawabshah, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Umair","family":"Anjum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Omar","family":"Larik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dow International Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9223-7800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pratik","family":"Bhattarai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250121","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminth infections","year":"2023"},{"key":"R2-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32335-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.","volume":"392","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R3-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4113-2","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of soil-transmitted helminth infections in India.","volume":"17","author":"Salam","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R4-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31930-X","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminth infections.","volume":"391","author":"Jourdan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R5-20250121","article-title":"Preventive chemotherapy to control soil-transmitted helminth infections in at-risk population groups","year":"2023"},{"key":"R6-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j4307","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4307","article-title":"Efficacy of recommended drugs against soil transmitted helminths: systematic review and network meta-analysis.","volume":"358","author":"Moser","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R7-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trad007","article-title":"Predisposition to soil-transmitted helminth reinfection after four rounds of mass drug administration: results from a longitudinal cohort in the Geshiyaro project, a transmission elimination feasibility study in the Wolaita zone of southern Ethiopia.","volume":"117","author":"Rayment Gomez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R8-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006458","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006458","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of co-administered ivermectin plus albendazole for treating soil-transmitted helminths: a systematic review, meta-analysis and individual patient data analysis.","volume":"12","author":"Palmeirim","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"R9-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009561","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009561","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of ivermectin\u2013albendazole versus albendazole alone against soil-transmitted helminths: results from randomized controlled trials in Lao PDR and Pemba Island, Tanzania.","volume":"15","author":"Keller","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"R10-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00589-8","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of moxidectin and albendazole compared with ivermectin and albendazole coadministration in adolescents infected with Trichuris trichiura in Tanzania: an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised, controlled, phase 2\/3 trial.","volume":"23","author":"Welsche","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R11-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b2700","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration.","volume":"339","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R13-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials.","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R14-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses.","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R15-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00421-7","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of co-administered ivermectin and albendazole in school-aged children and adults infected with Trichuris trichiura in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Laos, and Pemba Island, Tanzania: a double-blind, parallel-group, phase 3, randomised controlled trial.","volume":"22","author":"H\u00fcrlimann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R16-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.479","article-title":"Assessment of combined ivermectin and albendazole for treatment of intestinal helminth and Wuchereria bancrofti infections in Haitian schoolchildren.","volume":"60","author":"Beach","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R17-20250121","first-page":"35","article-title":"A comparison of the efficacy of single doses of albendazole, ivermectin, and diethylcarbamazine alone or in combinations against Ascaris and Trichuris spp.","volume":"81","author":"Belizario","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"R18-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1999.11813449","article-title":"Efficacy of albendazole and its combinations with ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine (DEC) in the treatment of Trichuris trichiura infections in Sri Lanka.","volume":"93","author":"Ismail","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"R19-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1086\/657310","article-title":"Albendazole and mebendazole administered alone or in combination with ivermectin against Trichuris trichiura: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"51","author":"Knopp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R20-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab365","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of albendazole and high-dose ivermectin coadministration in school-aged children infected with Trichuris trichiura in honduras: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"73","author":"Matamoros","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R21-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.856","article-title":"Efficacy of ivermectin and albendazole alone and in combination for treatment of soil-transmitted helminths in pregnancy and adverse events: a randomized open label controlled intervention trial in Masindi district, western Uganda.","volume":"79","author":"Ndyomugyenyi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R22-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2018.08.002","article-title":"Drug combinations against soil-transmitted helminth infections.","volume":"103","author":"Moser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"R23-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.16.1937","article-title":"Efficacy of current drugs against soil-transmitted helminth infections: systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"299","author":"Keiser","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R24-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy423","article-title":"Efficacy of anthelminthic drugs and drug combinations against soil-transmitted helminths: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","volume":"68","author":"Clarke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R25-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01544-6","article-title":"Reducing intestinal nematode infection: efficacy of albendazole and mebendazole.","volume":"16","author":"Bennett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"R26-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.04.008","article-title":"Preventive chemotherapy in the fight against soil-transmitted helminthiasis: achievements and limitations.","volume":"34","author":"Schulz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"R27-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.04.003","article-title":"Cure rate is not a valid indicator for assessing drug efficacy and impact of preventive chemotherapy interventions against schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis.","volume":"105","author":"Montresor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R28-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008505","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008505","article-title":"The global progress of soil-transmitted helminthiases control in 2020 and World Health Organization targets for 2030.","volume":"14","author":"Montresor","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"R29-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2011.09.002","article-title":"Is anthelmintic resistance a concern for the control of human soil-transmitted helminths?","volume":"1","author":"Vercruysse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist"},{"key":"R30-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0484","article-title":"Molecular and biological diagnostic tests for monitoring benzimidazole resistance in human soil-transmitted helminths.","volume":"88","author":"Diawara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R31-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ882","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of coadministered diethylcarbamazine, albendazole, and ivermectin for treatment of bancroftian filariasis.","volume":"62","author":"Thomsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"R32-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S147","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000007423","article-title":"An analysis of the safety of the single dose, two drug regimens used in programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis.","volume":"121","author":"Horton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"R33-20250121","article-title":"Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis: Progress report 2000\u20132009 and strategic plan 2010\u20132020","year":"2010"},{"key":"R34-20250121","article-title":"The selection and use of essential medicines (2017) \u2013 TRS 1006","year":"2017"},{"key":"R35-20250121","first-page":"CD007745","article-title":"Ivermectin versus albendazole or thiabendazole for Strongyloides stercoralis infection.","volume":"2016","author":"Henriquez-Camacho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R36-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01606.x","article-title":"Model-based analysis of trial data: microfilaria and worm-productivity loss after diethylcarbamazine\u2013albendazole or ivermectin\u2013albendazole combination therapy against Wuchereria bancrofti.","volume":"11","author":"de Kraker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"R37-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac042","article-title":"Mass drug administration for the control of scabies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"75","author":"Lake","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R38-20250121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005576","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005576","article-title":"Ivermectin treatment of Loa loa hyper-microfilaraemic baboons (Papio anubis): assessment of microfilarial load reduction, haematological and biochemical parameters and histopathological changes following treatment.","volume":"11","author":"Wanji","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"}],"container-title":["Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000041280","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T03:03:35Z","timestamp":1737428615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000041280"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000041280","relation":{},"ISSN":["1536-5964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1536-5964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]}}}