{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:40:43Z","timestamp":1787319643263,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gynecomastia, characterized by abnormal enlargement of male breast tissue, can lead to significant psychological distress, particularly among younger men. Traditional surgical options, such as subcutaneous mastectomy and liposuction, often result in visible scarring and contour deformities. This study introduces the \u201cStab Flatten\u201d technique, a novel, minimally invasive approach for treating severe gynecomastia, designed to preserve chest aesthetics while minimizing postoperative complications, including scarring and contour irregularities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient concerns:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 28-year-old male with a 15-year history of progressive bilateral breast enlargement presented with psychological distress and concerns about the cosmetic outcomes of traditional surgery. He sought a minimally invasive procedure to address both physical discomfort and aesthetic concerns, aiming for minimal scarring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Diagnoses:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patient was diagnosed with grade III gynecomastia according to Simon classification, characterized by significant glandular hypertrophy and excess skin. Diagnostic imaging and laboratory tests confirmed the absence of underlying medical conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patient underwent the \u201cStab Flatten\u201d technique, which involved exclusive liposuction with glandular tissue redistribution. A 4-mm incision was made at the inframammary crease, and power-assisted liposuction was used to flatten fibroglandular tissue without excision. Postoperative care included a compression garment for 6 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcomes:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At the 6-month follow-up, the patient showed excellent cosmetic results, with significant improvement in breast contour and symmetry. There were no complications such as hematoma, seroma, or nipple-areola complex deformities. The patient reported high satisfaction with the aesthetic outcome, alongside improved psychological well-being and physical comfort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is limited by its single-patient case report, which restricts the generalizability of the findings. Long-term outcomes of the \u201cStab Flatten\u201d technique require further validation through larger, prospective studies with more diverse patient populations. Additionally, the technique may not be applicable to all grades of gynecomastia or patients with more complex conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Lessons:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The \u201cStab Flatten\u201d technique offers an effective, minimally invasive alternative for treating severe gynecomastia, providing excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes while minimizing scarring. This method may enhance patient satisfaction and reduce recovery times compared to traditional surgical approaches. However, further studies with larger cohorts are necessary to validate its efficacy and generalizability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000041299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T22:02:56Z","timestamp":1737410576000},"page":"e41299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exclusive liposuction with glandular tissue redistribution for severe gynecomastia: A case report"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Bingwen","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuezhe","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongyue","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaomiao","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengqiang","family":"Cang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoqiang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9106-8478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaohua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250121","first-page":"163","article-title":"Successful excision of gynecomastia with nipple repositioning technique utilizing the dermoglandular 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