{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:33:34Z","timestamp":1791232414818,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are prevalent complications in pediatric and adolescent dialysis patients, elevating morbidity and mortality risks. Despite existing studies on cardiovascular risks, a systematic synthesis of their prevalence and contributing factors is lacking. This study aims to establish an evidence-based foundation to guide clinical interventions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science until March 2025. Cardiovascular events and determinants were descriptively analyzed, while LVH prevalence underwent meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity sources were explored via sensitivity and subgroup analyses (stratified by dialysis modality and study quality), with intergroup differences assessed by mixed-effects meta-regression. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa scale (NOS) for observational studies and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality checklist for cross-sectional studies. Heterogeneity was quantified with Cochran <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Q<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                                 <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> statistics.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Ten observational studies (5 cohorts, 5 cross-sectional) enrolling 6012 pediatric and adolescent dialysis patients (publication years 1996\u20132023) were included in the final analysis. The random-effects meta-analysis revealed a pooled LVH prevalence of 56% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 44\u201369%; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                                 <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 81.9%, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u2005&lt;\u2005.001), indicating substantial heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses demonstrated a numerically higher LVH prevalence in hemodialysis (HD) (66.0%, 95% CI: 52\u201378%) versus peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients (51.5%, 95% CI: 38\u201365%), though this difference lacked statistical significance (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u2005=\u2005.204). Age, gender, and HD modality were independent risk factors. The incidence of cardiovascular-related events was significantly higher in female patients than in males.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Pediatric dialysis patients show significantly higher risks of cardiovascular events and LVH versus controls. This necessitates regular primary echocardiographic monitoring, blood pressure optimization, and risk stratification. Future multicenter studies should: provide optimal dialysis modalities; conduct high-quality research to inform clinical interventions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000044545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T21:02:58Z","timestamp":1758574978000},"page":"e44545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular event incidence and risk factors in pediatric dialysis patients"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6060-8032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingying","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deyue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueli","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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