{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:59:21Z","timestamp":1790189961459,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"37","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to ascertain and compare parental willingness to pay (WTP) for preventive fissure sealant (FS) and curative class I composite filling (CF) services at a private university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study used structured, questionnaire-based, face-to-face interviews to determine the WTP for FS and CF therapy among 354 parents attending dental hospitals affiliated with a private university in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The Mann\u2013Whitney\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">U<\/jats:italic>\n                    test and Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests were applied to compare the differences in WTP costs between the 2 services across different groups, while linear regression analysis predicted the socioeconomic, oral health attitude, and oral health care system characteristics influencing WTP. All data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25 (Armonk). The average WTP for FS was 92.94 Saudi Arabian Riyals, whereas for CF, it was 144.35 Saudi Arabian Riyals, indicating a statistically significant difference between the 2 treatments (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2005&lt;\u2005.001). Interviewees\u2019 sex, family size, socioeconomic status, and previous dental experience were significant predictors of their WTP for FS (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2005&lt;\u2005.05). Various factors, including home type, maternal occupation, socioeconomic level, the child\u2019s previous dental experiences, and health insurance, significantly predicted WTP for CF (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2005&lt;\u2005.05). Parents showed a greater willingness to pay for CF than for FS, indicating a preference for CF over FS. The willingness to pay for CF and FS was influenced by socioeconomic characteristics, prior dental experience, and health insurance status of the children.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000044575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T21:00:55Z","timestamp":1757970055000},"page":"e44575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Parents\u2019 willingness to pay for fissure sealant and class I composite filling: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Mohammed Majed","family":"Alsahmah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8115-6810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Abdul","family":"Baseer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12597","article-title":"Forecasting future dental health expenditures: development of a framework using data from 32 OECD countries.","volume":"49","author":"Jevdjevic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"R2-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469580241233447","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580241233447","article-title":"Advantages and challenges of implementation and strategies for health insurance in Saudi Arabia: a systemic review.","volume":"61","author":"AlJohani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inquiry"},{"key":"R4-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12141376","article-title":"Early childhood caries \u2013 prevalence, associated factors, and severity: a hospital-based study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.","volume":"12","author":"Thirunavukkarasu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"R5-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04570-6","article-title":"Caries prevalence among children at public and private primary schools in Riyadh: a retrospective study.","volume":"24","author":"Almutairi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R6-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1159\/000517661","article-title":"Access to dental-care services in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: a scoping review.","volume":"2","author":"Shubayr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi J Health Syst Res"},{"key":"R7-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0168341","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168341","article-title":"Determinants of catastrophic dental health expenditure in China.","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R8-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-05520-6","article-title":"Patient preferences and willingness to pay for dental services: a systematic review.","volume":"25","author":"Shahkoohi","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R9-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1050(200101)10:1<39::AID-HEC563>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Theory versus practice: a review of willingness-to-pay in health and health care.","volume":"10","author":"Olsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"R10-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.4103\/1658-6816.188078","article-title":"Willingness to pay for orthodontic treatment in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh Province.","volume":"3","author":"Fatani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Saudi J Oral Sci"},{"key":"R11-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345241285154","article-title":"Public valuations of managing compromised molars: a discrete choice experiment.","volume":"104","author":"Taylor","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"R12-20260923","first-page":"211","article-title":"Patients\u2019 and parents\u2019 valuation of fluoride.","volume":"17","author":"Walshaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"key":"R13-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.13318","article-title":"Experiences and parents\u2019 perceptions regarding dental interventions performed on their children: a qualitative systematic review.","author":"Dalsochio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"R14-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S475061","article-title":"Patients\u2019 preferences for the treatment of a single missing tooth in China: a discrete choice experiment.","volume":"18","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"R15-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S222181","article-title":"Patients\u2019 perceptions to reduced orthodontic treatment time in Saudi Arabia.","volume":"13","author":"Linjawi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"R16-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.13285","article-title":"Parents\u2019 willingness-to-pay for fissure sealant and fluoride varnish therapy in public and private pediatric clinics.","volume":"35","author":"Samadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"R17-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.06.010","article-title":"Critical review of willingness to pay for clinical oral health interventions.","volume":"64","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"R18-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.3926","article-title":"The willingness to pay for basic health insurance in the Netherlands: quantitative and qualitative insights.","volume":"40","author":"Meijer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Health Plann Manage"},{"key":"R19-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-024-00909-w","article-title":"A contingent valuation study for use in valuing public goods with health externalities: the case of street pianos.","volume":"22","author":"Papadopoulou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl Health Econ Health Policy"},{"key":"R20-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-022-01437-x","article-title":"Determinants of willingness to pay for health services: a systematic review of contingent valuation studies.","volume":"23","author":"Steigenberger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Health Econ"},{"key":"R21-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12778","article-title":"Parents\u2019 preferences for preventive and curative dental services: a comparison between fissure sealant and composite filling using willingness-to-pay method.","volume":"31","author":"Saadatfar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"R22-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3352\/jeehp.2021.18.17","article-title":"Sample size determination and power analysis using the G* Power software.","volume":"18","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Educ Eval Health Prof"},{"key":"R23-20260923","first-page":"CD001830","article-title":"Pit and fissure sealants for preventing dental decay in permanent teeth.","volume":"7","author":"Ahovuo-Saloranta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R24-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2015.05.001","article-title":"Longevity of posterior resin composite restorations in adults \u2013 a systematic review.","volume":"43","author":"\u00c1stvaldsd\u00f3ttir","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"R25-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12539","article-title":"Need for dental care drives utilisation of dental services among children in Saudi Arabia.","volume":"70","author":"Al Agili","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"R26-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717030","DOI":"10.1080\/20016689.2020.1717030","article-title":"Understanding the global measurement of willingness to pay in health.","volume":"8","author":"McDougall","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Mark Access Health Policy"},{"key":"R27-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.17796\/1053-4628-42.1.2","article-title":"Parents\u2019 attitude toward the use of fluorides and fissure sealants and its effect on their children\u2019s oral health.","volume":"42","author":"Blumer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"R28-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350601058077","article-title":"Oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and family characteristics among Finnish schoolchildren with and without active initial caries lesions.","volume":"65","author":"Poutanen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"R29-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01186-4","article-title":"Are parents\u2019 education levels associated with either their oral health knowledge or their children\u2019s oral health behaviors? A survey of 8446 families in Wuhan.","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R31-20260923","first-page":"33","article-title":"The Cebuano mothers\u2019 willingness to pay for dental healthcare.","volume":"65","author":"Dalanon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Philipp Dent Asso"},{"key":"R32-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4145","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054145","article-title":"People\u2019s willingness to pay for dental checkups and the associated individual characteristics: a nationwide web-based survey among Japanese adults.","volume":"20","author":"Oshima","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"R33-20260923","first-page":"497","article-title":"Associations between oral health fatalism and demographic factors, dental practices, fatalism, and oral health self-efficacy.","volume":"45","author":"Hammersmith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"}],"container-title":["Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000044575","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:00:57Z","timestamp":1790186457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000044575"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"37","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000044575","relation":{},"ISSN":["1536-5964","0025-7974"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1536-5964","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0025-7974","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-16","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-25","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}