{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T19:02:08Z","timestamp":1780426928961,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"39","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Grant No. 82460563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 82460563"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Helicobacter pylori (H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), a common gram-negative bacterium and known carcinogen, causes chronic infection. Recent studies suggest its link to extra-gastric cancers, including pancreatic cancer, but conflicting findings due to confounding factors hinder clear association. Using summary-level data from genome-wide association studies, we analyzed the bidirectional causal relationship between\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    -related antibody-mediated immune responses and pancreatic cancer. We further validated the results using generalized summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (GSMR). We found that the levels of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    outer membrane protein (OMP) antibody can significantly increase the risk of pancreatic cancer (OR: 1.8122, 95% CI: 1.3192\u20132.4894,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2005&lt;\u2005.001). These results were consistent with the weighted median algorithm (OR: 1.9638, 95% CI: 1.2686\u20133.0399,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2005=\u2005.002). Furthermore, the results from GSMR were also consistent with the above results (OR: 1.7099, 95% CI: 1.2632\u20132.3144,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2005&lt; \u2005.001). Elevated\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    OMP antibody levels are associated with increased pancreatic cancer risk. OMP may serve as a potential vaccine target for future prevention strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000044585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T16:01:45Z","timestamp":1759248105000},"page":"e44585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Use of bidirectional Mendelian randomization to unveil the association of Helicobacter pylori infection and pancreatic cancer"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Jingping","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China"},{"name":"The First Clinical Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lintao","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China"},{"name":"The First Clinical Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5802-8231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20260602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00261-2","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer.","volume":"405","author":"Stoop","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R2-20260602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.259","article-title":"Early detection of pancreatic cancer: opportunities and challenges.","volume":"156","author":"Singhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R3-20260602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533033820962117","DOI":"10.1177\/1533033820962117","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer: a review of risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Technol Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"R4-20260602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2899","article-title":"KRAS, Hedgehog, Wnt and the twisted developmental biology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.","volume":"10","author":"Morris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"R5-20260602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106939","article-title":"Effects of immune cells and cytokines on inflammation and immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment.","volume":"88","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"R6-20260602","first-page":"305","article-title":"The role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer pathology.","volume":"39","author":"Guarino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pathology (Phila)"},{"key":"R7-20260602","first-page":"127","article-title":"Culture-based antibiotic susceptibility testing for Helicobacter pylori infection: a systematic review.","volume":"35","author":"Francesco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R8-20260602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300495","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcome of gastric MALT lymphoma after eradication of Helicobacter pylori: a multicentre cohort follow-up study of 420 patients in Japan.","volume":"61","author":"Nakamura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R9-20260602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-024-05491-x","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori promotes gastric cancer progression by activating the TGF-beta\/Smad2\/EMT pathway through HKDC1.","volume":"81","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"R10-20260602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70001","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.70001","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy and the risk of colorectal cancer: a population-based nationwide cohort study in Sweden.","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"R11-20260602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4168","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i38.4168","article-title":"Is Helicobacter pylori infection protective against esophageal cancer?","volume":"30","author":"Maity","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R12-20260602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20406223231155119","DOI":"10.1177\/20406223231155119","article-title":"Is Helicobacter pylori infection associated with pancreatic cancer? 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