{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T20:02:05Z","timestamp":1789502525517,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"42","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760659200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and thyroid dysfunction are prevalent conditions, with observational studies suggesting a possible association. However, the causal relationship remains unclear. This study employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the bidirectional causal association between AS and thyroid dysfunction using genetic summary data. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was the primary analytical approach, with multivariate MR (MVMR) adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and daily smoking quantity. A series of sensitivity analyses and visualization were performed to test the stability and reliability of causal estimates. Genetically predicted AS increased hyperthyroidism risk (OR\u2005=\u20051.0006, 95% CI\u2005=\u20051.0001\u20131.0011;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2005=\u2005.018), but not hypothyroidism (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2005=\u2005.266). No causal effect was found of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism on AS. In MVMR, the association between AS and hyperthyroidism remained significant after adjusting for covariates (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2005&lt;\u2005.01). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. This MR study provides evidence for a causal effect of AS on hyperthyroidism, but not hypothyroidism or reverse causation. Further research should explore underlying mechanisms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000044862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T23:04:48Z","timestamp":1762211088000},"page":"e44862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Causal link between ankylosing spondylitis and thyroid dysfunction: A Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2835-4399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingqing","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Yibin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yibin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Yibin Hospital Affiliated to Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yibin, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4508-9170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Yibin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yibin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20260915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31591-4","article-title":"Axial spondyloarthritis.","volume":"390","author":"Sieper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R2-20260915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.181","article-title":"The changing clinical picture and epidemiology of spondyloarthritis.","volume":"11","author":"Van Tubergen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"R3-20260915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-020-04537-0","article-title":"Prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis in a Chinese population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"40","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"R4-20260915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-008-0060-3","article-title":"Are spondyloarthropathies as common as rheumatoid arthritis worldwide? 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