{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T23:27:05Z","timestamp":1794526025245,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"43","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Recently, several cohort studies and case-control studies have revealed an association between herpesvirus (HV) and osteoporosis (OP), while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The HV-triggered immune responses may be significant in this relationship. Elucidating the contribution and mechanisms of HV-triggered immune responses in OP provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of this condition and promising therapeutic or preventive strategies for OP. We performed a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using publicly available genome-wide association studies statistics. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger regression, simple mode, weighted median, and weighted mode were applied in this MR analysis. Subsequently, we conducted leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, MR-Egger regression, and Cochran\u2019s\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Q<\/jats:italic>\n                    test to assess the stability, horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity within the MR framework, respectively. The IVW MR analysis showed significant effects of HV phenotypes on OP (anti-herpes simplex virus 1 IgG seropositivity: IVW odds ratio (OR)\u2005=\u20051.06,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2005=\u2005.04287; varicella zoster virus glycoproteins E and I antibody levels: IVW OR\u2005=\u20051.10,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2005=\u2005.00210; Epstein\u2013Barr virus EA-D antibody levels: IVW OR\u2005=\u20050.86,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2005=\u2005.00016; Epstein\u2013Barr virus EBNA-1 antibody levels: IVW OR\u2005=\u20050.92,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2005=\u2005.00548; human herpesvirus 6 IE1A antibody levels: IVW OR\u2005=\u20050.90,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2005=\u2005.02745). Importantly, the results of other MR analysis except MR-Egger regression were consistent with IVW results. Our analysis indicated that 3 distinct HV antibodies were independently associated with OP in a causal manner, providing new insights into the involvement of viral infections in OP progression via affecting bone density and strength.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000045337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T19:00:45Z","timestamp":1761332445000},"page":"e45337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between antibody-mediated immune responses of herpesvirus and osteoporosis: Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Botong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, P.R. 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China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, P.R. China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of the Ministry of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, P.R. China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamentals of High Altitude Medicine (Qinghai-Utah Joint Key Laboratory of Plateau Medicine), Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, P.R. China"},{"name":"Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, P.R. 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