{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:49:59Z","timestamp":1791575399295,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shenzhen Municipal \u00e2\u20ac\u0153Three-Name\u00e2\u20ac\u009d Medical Project","award":["SZZYSM202205015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZZYSM202205015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to investigate risk factors for adverse cardiovascular events occurring within 90 days of onset in patients with hypertension. We developed a random forest (RF) predictive model and a nomogram predictive model, and validated the performance of these models. Baseline data were retrospectively collected from patients with hypertension treated at our hospital from January 2024 to December 2025. Disease-related risk factors were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, and both a RF model and a nomogram prediction model were developed. Internal model validation was performed using the Bootstrap method combined with 10-fold cross-validation, and the predictive performance and clinical utility of the models were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curves. Results: A total of 1256 patients with hypertension were included in this study, of whom 120 experienced a cardiovascular event within 90 days of follow-up, resulting in an event rate of 9.55%. Multivariate analysis revealed that systolic blood pressure\u2005\u2265140\u2009mm Hg (odds ratio [OR]\u2005=\u20051.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23\u20133.91,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2005=\u2005.031), poor medication adherence (OR\u2005=\u20051.51, 95% CI: 1.10\u20131.96,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2005=\u2005.022), concomitant diabetes (OR\u2005=\u20051.80, 95% CI: 1.23\u20132.46,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2005=\u2005.016), lack of regular exercise (OR\u2005=\u20051.47, 95% CI: 1.07\u20131.78,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2005=\u2005.001), and age\u2005\u226565 years (OR\u2005=\u20051.64, 95% CI: 1.15\u20133.44,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2005=\u2005.012) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of 90-day cardiovascular events in patients. In the internal validation cohort, the area under the curve was 0.812 for the nomogram model and 0.842 for the RF model. Although the RF model showed a numerically higher area under the curve, the difference between the 2 models was not formally tested and should not be interpreted as evidence of statistical superiority. Both models showed acceptable calibration and potential clinical net benefit based on their calibration curves and decision curve analyses. The nomogram prediction model for 90-day cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension, constructed based on variable selection using a RF algorithm, demonstrates reliable predictive accuracy and clinical utility. It can assist clinicians in the early identification of high-risk patients and provide a reference for developing individualized blood pressure management plans.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000050797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:00:14Z","timestamp":1791572414000},"page":"e50797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prediction of cardiovascular event risk within 90 days in patients with hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Yan-Bo","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiao-Yan","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Nan","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Ping","family":"Ban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang-Ming","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7771-9714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.4103\/apc.apc_329_25","article-title":"Outcome of congenital heart disease with left-to-right shunts and pulmonary arterial hypertension undergoing operability assessment by acute vasodilator testing: the AIIMS operability score.","volume":"19","author":"Kadiyani","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"R2-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.126.078855","article-title":"Group 1 pulmonary hypertension with elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure: characterizing a complex phenotype.","volume":"153","author":"Forbes","year":"2026","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R3-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250137","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0137-2025","article-title":"Management of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis: from classical treatments to new horizons.","volume":"35","author":"Villa","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"R4-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2025.4927","article-title":"Prediabetes, subclinical myocardial injury or stress, and heart failure risk for adults with hypertension.","volume":"11","author":"Kaze","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"R5-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpc.2025.101343","article-title":"Hypertension-attributable stroke burden in younger vs older people: analysis of GBD 2021 and NHANES databases.","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"R6-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-025-02446-y","article-title":"Sex stratified analysis of patients with resistant hypertension from the global SYMPLICITY registry of renal denervation.","volume":"49","author":"Mihailidou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"R7-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaf226","article-title":"The prevalence of pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"121","author":"Zeder","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"R8-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-026-08142-6","article-title":"Potential biomarkers differentiating major depression from bipolar disorder depressive episodes by olink proteomics.","volume":"26","author":"Xie","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"R9-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-026-08601-2","article-title":"Muscle weakness, greater fat mass, lower hematocrit levels, and advanced age in a diagnostic prediction model of periodontitis in adults with obesity: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"26","author":"Dias","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R10-20261009","first-page":"e94130","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for hypertension management: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"17","author":"Almabruk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R11-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf799","article-title":"Bridging the gaps in EMPEROR-preserved: toward safer and smarter use of Empagliflozin in resistant hypertension and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.","volume":"47","author":"Fatima","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R12-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5561","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-025-01979-x","article-title":"Leukocyte telomere length and risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in high-risk Chinese patients with hypertension under 65 years.","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"R13-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.125.25747","article-title":"Relationship between home blood pressure monitoring-confirmed resistant hypertension and cardiovascular prognosis.","volume":"82","author":"Kario","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R14-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2025.51.100.47785","article-title":"High-output cardiac failure and severe pulmonary hypertension due to congenital hepatic hemangioma: a case report.","volume":"51","author":"Srinivas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"R15-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.06.045","article-title":"Intensive blood pressure control in older patients with hypertension: 6-year results of the STEP trial.","volume":"86","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R16-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s40292-025-00747-4","article-title":"Burden of cardiovascular diseases attributable to hypertension in population aged 60 years or older from 1990 to 2040 across BRICS-plus countries (Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa).","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev"},{"key":"R17-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06891-8","article-title":"Proteomic insights into platelet dysregulation and pathogenic mechanisms of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.","volume":"23","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"R18-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-023-07493-6","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of sacubitril\/valsartan on radiofrequency ablation in patients with hypertension and persistent atrial fibrillation.","volume":"39","author":"Zang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"key":"R19-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010555","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.123.010555","article-title":"Classification and predictors of right ventricular functional recovery in pulmonary arterial hypertension.","volume":"16","author":"Rischard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"R20-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2023.0114","article-title":"Post-thrombotic syndrome and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: diagnosis and management.","volume":"84","author":"Tsiamita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med (Lond)"},{"key":"R21-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3230","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-023-06799-6","article-title":"Bariatric surgery and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with pulmonary hypertension: a propensity score matched analysis of US national inpatient sample.","volume":"33","author":"Esparham","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"R22-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e079108","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-079108","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of resistant hypertension.","volume":"385","author":"Schiffrin","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R23-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.1714","article-title":"Angiotensin receptor blockers for hypertension and risk of epilepsy.","volume":"81","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"R24-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-024-01741-4","article-title":"A novel rat model of cerebral small vessel disease based on vascular risk factors of hypertension, aging, and cerebral hypoperfusion.","volume":"47","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"R25-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003782","article-title":"Pulmonary vascular resistance predicts the mortality in patients with bronchiectasis-associated pulmonary hypertension.","volume":"42","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"R26-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12380","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12380","article-title":"Assessing quality of life in pulmonary arterial hypertension: an independent prognostic marker.","volume":"14","author":"Reeves","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"key":"R27-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.123.320270","article-title":"Plasma proteomics identifies B2M as a regulator of pulmonary hypertension in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.","volume":"44","author":"Jheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"R28-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12371","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62616-9","article-title":"The interaction between diet quality and cigarette smoking on the incidence of hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and all-cause mortality.","volume":"14","author":"Norouzzadeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R29-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.068624","article-title":"Skeletal muscle SIRT3 deficiency contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension due to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.","volume":"150","author":"Jheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R30-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3343","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S538554","article-title":"Hypertension and BMI as mediators of type 2 diabetes-induced CKD: insights from an integrative multi-database study.","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"R31-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873241307099","article-title":"Hypertension, intracranial arteriosclerosis, and structural brain changes in patients with TIA or ischemic stroke.","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Stroke J"},{"key":"R32-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-025-10553-8","article-title":"Evaluation of pulmonary hypertension in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.","volume":"30","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"R33-20261009","first-page":"e89465","article-title":"Association between sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor use and all-cause mortality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.","volume":"17","author":"Lemonjava","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R34-20261009","first-page":"489","article-title":"AI-driven atrial fibrillation management: from signal to strategy.","volume":"43","author":"Cicek","year":"2026","journal-title":"Balkan Med J"},{"key":"R35-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1080\/00015385.2023.2223005","article-title":"The role of smart devices and mobile application on the change in peak VO(2) in patients with high cardiovascular risk: a sub-study of the LIGHT randomised clinical trial.","volume":"78","author":"Hayiro\u011flu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol"},{"key":"R36-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/MBP.0000000000000611","article-title":"The relation between average 1-year home blood pressure and the change in pro-BNP and left ventricle mass index.","volume":"27","author":"Hayiro\u011flu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Press Monit"},{"key":"R37-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.33963\/KP.a2021.0108","article-title":"The effect of 1-year mean step count on the change in the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk calculation in patients with high cardiovascular risk: a sub-study of the LIGHT randomized clinical trial.","volume":"79","author":"Hayiro\u011flu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kardiol Pol"},{"key":"R38-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.14744\/AnatolJCardiol.2022.2254","article-title":"Digital health interventions in patient management following acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis of the literature.","volume":"27","author":"\u015eaylik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anatol J Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000050797","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:00:20Z","timestamp":1791572420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000050797"}},"subtitle":["A study based on random forest and nomogram models"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"41","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000050797","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7974","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-5964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-08-10","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-04","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}