{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:53:26Z","timestamp":1790009606101,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/md.0b013e3181af70c1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,8]],"date-time":"2009-07-08T03:22:49Z","timestamp":1247023369000},"page":"221-226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":197,"title":["Takayasu Arteritis and Giant Cell Arteritis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Maksimowicz-McKinnon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany M.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary S.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330811","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Takayasu arteritis.","volume":"33","author":"Arend","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R2-5-20210226","first-page":"S49","article-title":"Elderly onset rheumatoid arthritis: clinical aspects.","volume":"18","author":"Bajocchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"R3-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400513","article-title":"Henoch-Schonlein purpura in adulthood and childhood: two different expressions of the same syndrome.","volume":"40","author":"Blanco","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R4-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel376","article-title":"Repetitive 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in isolated polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective study in 35 patients.","volume":"46","author":"Blockmans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"R5-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21699","article-title":"Repetitive 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis: a prospective study of 35 patients.","volume":"55","author":"Blockmans","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R6-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000147737.57861.7c","article-title":"Late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a personal series of 47 patients and pooled analysis of 714 cases in the literature.","volume":"83","author":"Boddaert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R7-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.03.004","article-title":"Inflamm-aging: autoimmunity, and the immune-risk phenotype.","volume":"3","author":"Boren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"R8-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-12_Part_1-200506210-00004","article-title":"The effect of combined estrogen and progesterone hormone replacement therapy on disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomized trial.","volume":"142","author":"Buyon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R9-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1191\/096120399678847786","article-title":"Immunological and clinical differences between juvenile and adult onset of systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"8","author":"Carreno","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"R10-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000109755.65914.5e","article-title":"Long-term survival of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies according to clinical features. A longitudinal study of 162 cases.","volume":"83","author":"Danko","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R11-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1161\/hs1101.098520","article-title":"Age-related effects on atherogenesis and scavenger enzymes of intracranial and extracranial arteries in men without classic risk factors for atherosclerosis.","volume":"32","author":"D'Armiento","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"R12-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780280905","article-title":"The clinical features of elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis. A comparison with younger-onset disease of similar duration.","volume":"28","author":"Deal","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R13-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.056937","article-title":"Sex: a major predictor of remission in early rheumatoid arthritis?","volume":"66","author":"Forslind","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R14-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(73)90436-5","article-title":"Giant cell arteritis-an unholy trinity.","volume":"85","author":"Hall","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"R15-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198503000-00002","article-title":"Takayasu arteritis. A study of 32 North American patients.","volume":"64","author":"Hall","year":"1985","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R16-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1972.03210030013003","article-title":"Joint study of extracranial arterial occlusion. VI. Racial differences in hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke.","volume":"222","author":"Heyman","year":"1972","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R17-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330810","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis.","volume":"33","author":"Hunder","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R18-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(05)70170-8","article-title":"Hormonal alterations in rheumatoid arthritis, including the effects of pregnancy.","volume":"26","author":"Kanik","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"R19-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1790090605","article-title":"Differences in symptom reports between men and women with rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"9","author":"Katz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"R20-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-11-199406010-00004","article-title":"Takayasu arteritis.","volume":"120","author":"Kerr","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R22-5-20210226","first-page":"1809","article-title":"Influence of sex, age, and menopausal state on the course of early rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"28","author":"Kuiper","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R23-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(99)00036-4","article-title":"Age-related changes in the signaling and function of vascular smooth muscle cells.","volume":"34","author":"Lundberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"R24-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22404","article-title":"Limitations of therapy and a guarded prognosis in an American cohort of Takayasu arteritis patients.","volume":"56","author":"Maksimowicz-McKinnon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R25-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199905000-00001","article-title":"Influence of age on characteristics of polymyositis and dermatomyositis in adults.","volume":"78","author":"Marie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R26-5-20210226","first-page":"106","article-title":"Clinical differentiation between giant cell (temporal) arteritis and Takayasu's arteritis.","volume":"23","author":"Michel","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R27-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.10.4.389","article-title":"Autopsy study of cerebrovascular disease in Japanese men who lived in Hiroshima, Japan, and Honolulu, Hawaii.","volume":"10","author":"Mitsuyama","year":"1979","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"R28-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199906)42:6<1274::AID-ANR26>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Ovarian failure and flares of systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"42","author":"Mok","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R29-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000177474.06749.98","article-title":"Arterial aging. Is it an immutable cardiovascular risk factor?","volume":"46","author":"Najjar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R30-5-20210226","first-page":"311","article-title":"Late onset rheumatoid arthritis-a clinical and laboratory study.","volume":"49","author":"Narayanan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"R31-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11353","article-title":"Mortality of large-artery complication in patients with giant cell arteritis: a population-based study over 50 years.","volume":"48","author":"Nuenninghoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R32-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1972.tb15615.x","article-title":"Morphological changes in the large arteries in polymyalgia arteritica.","volume":"533","author":"Ostberg","year":"1972","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand Suppl"},{"key":"R33-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3579(98)80030-7","article-title":"Pregnancy in SLE.","volume":"12","author":"Petri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"R34-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(03)00299-3","article-title":"Impact of aging on the body's vascular system.","volume":"52","author":"Plante","year":"2003","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"R35-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2005.09.008","article-title":"Aging of the immune system: a risk factor for autoimmunity?","volume":"5","author":"Prelog","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"R36-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.520114","article-title":"Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in giant cell arteritis: involvement in vascular remodeling.","volume":"112","author":"Rodriguez-Pla","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R37-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.147.6.1568","article-title":"Effect of castration and sex hormone treatment on survival, anti-nucleic acid antibodies, and glomerulonephritis in NZB\/NZW F1 mice.","volume":"147","author":"Roubinian","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R38-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/35.2.133","article-title":"Increased rate of lupus flare during pregnancy and the puerperium: a prospective study of 78 pregnancies.","volume":"35","author":"Ruiz-Irastorza","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R39-5-20210226","first-page":"1004","article-title":"Childhood onset systemic sclerosis: classification, clinical and serologic features, and survival in comparison with adult onset disease.","volume":"33","author":"Scalapino","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R40-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1177\/000331977202300408","article-title":"Cerebral angiographic study on CVD in Japan.","volume":"23","author":"Tomita","year":"1972","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"R41-5-20210226","first-page":"S26","article-title":"Henoch-Schonlein purpura in adults versus children\/adolescents: a comparative study.","volume":"24","author":"Uppal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"R42-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20922","article-title":"Takayasu's arteritis: a study of 104 Italian patients.","volume":"53","author":"Vanoli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R43-5-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-006-0719-4","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus: a genetic epidemiology study of 695 patients from China.","volume":"298","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"}],"container-title":["Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/MD.0b013e3181af70c1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:52:18Z","timestamp":1786038738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00005792-200907000-00005"}},"subtitle":["A Spectrum Within the Same Disease?"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0b013e3181af70c1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7974"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7974","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}}}