{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:18:26Z","timestamp":1791101906638,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/med.0b013e328329135a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,14]],"date-time":"2011-01-14T01:55:41Z","timestamp":1294970141000},"page":"132-140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Approach to the diagnosis and management of lipoprotein disorders"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Khalid","family":"Alwaili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Alrasadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuhier","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Genest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000133317.49796.0E","article-title":"Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines","volume":"110","author":"Grundy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R2-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.18.1837","article-title":"Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories","volume":"97","author":"Wilson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R3-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404","article-title":"American Heart Association; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association\/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement","volume":"112","author":"Grundy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R4-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05488","article-title":"Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome","volume":"444","author":"Despr\u00e9s","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R6-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67402-8","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome? A new worldwide definition","volume":"366","author":"Alberti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R7-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.5.1182","article-title":"Can we apply the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel definition of the metabolic syndrome to Asians?","volume":"27","author":"Tan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R8-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.11.2745","article-title":"Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation among adults in the U.S.","volume":"28","author":"Ford","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R9-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200406000-00009","article-title":"Regulation of insulin sensitivity by adipose tissue-derived hormones and inflammatory cytokines","volume":"15","author":"Ruan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"R10-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.3.788","article-title":"Predictors of the incident metabolic syndrome in adults: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study","volume":"27","author":"Palaniappan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R11-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2002.126","article-title":"Analysis of obesity and hyperinsulinemia in the development of metabolic syndrome: San Antonio Heart Study","volume":"10","author":"Han","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"R12-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200319246","article-title":"Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue","volume":"112","author":"Weisberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R13-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E741","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00419.2004","article-title":"Abdominal adipose tissue cytokine gene expression: relationship to obesity and metabolic risk factors","volume":"288","author":"You","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R14-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1538-7836.2003.00279.x","article-title":"Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance and vascular risk","volume":"1","author":"Juhan-Vague","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"R15-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.7.1779","article-title":"Adiponectin expression from human adipose tissue: relation to obesity, insulin resistance, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression","volume":"52","author":"Kern","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"R16-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901143400207","article-title":"Atherosclerosis? An inflammatory disease","volume":"340","author":"Ross","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R17-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1161\/hq1201.100220","article-title":"Immune mechanisms in atherosclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Hansson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"R18-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.080442","article-title":"Inflammation at the molecular interface of atherogenesis: an anthropological journey","volume":"173","author":"Lamon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"R19-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000052939.59093.45","article-title":"Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Application to clinical and public health practice. A statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association","volume":"107","author":"Pearson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R20-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2004.01.002","article-title":"Inflammatory markers and coronary artery disease","volume":"4","author":"Fichtlscherer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"R21-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1161\/hh1601.095598","article-title":"Phospholipase A2 in vascular disease","volume":"89","author":"Hurt-Camejo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"R22-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S462","DOI":"10.1086\/315611","article-title":"Infection and inflammation-induced proatherogenic changes of lipoproteins","volume":"181","author":"Khovidhunkit","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R23-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.12.1835","article-title":"Association between C-reactive protein and features of the metabolic syndrome: a population-based study","volume":"23","author":"Frohlich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R24-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.09.072","article-title":"Baseline characteristics of participants in the JUPITER Trial, a randomized placebo-controlled primary prevention trial of statin therapy among individuals with low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein","volume":"100","author":"Ridker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"R25-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807646","article-title":"Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein","volume":"358","author":"Ridker","year":"2008","journal-title":"New Eng J Med"},{"key":"R26-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050461","article-title":"Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease","volume":"352","author":"Larosa","year":"2005","journal-title":"New Eng J Med"},{"key":"R27-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.19.2437","article-title":"High-dose atorvastatin vs. usual dose simvastatin for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction - the IDEAL study: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"294","author":"Pedersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R28-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040583","article-title":"Pravastatin or atorvastatin evaluation and infection therapy - thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 22 investigators. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes","volume":"350","author":"Cannon","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R29-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.06.034","article-title":"Characteristics of a randomized trial among 12064 myocardial infarction survivors.","volume":"154","author":"SEARCH Study Collaborative Group, Bowman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"R30-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.586347","article-title":"A tale of two trials: a comparison of the post-acute coronary syndrome lipid-lowering trials A to Z and PROVE IT-TIMI 22","volume":"113","author":"Wiviott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R31-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67394-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90 056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins","volume":"366","author":"Baigent","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R32-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.05.085","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of statins: benefit beyond cholesterol reduction?: A meta-regression analysis","volume":"46","author":"Robinson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R33-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000100688.17280.E6","article-title":"Rosuvastatin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease among patients with low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: rationale and design of the JUPITER trial","volume":"108","author":"Ridker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R34-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093131","article-title":"Niemann-Pick C1 like 1 protein is critical for intestinal cholesterol absorption","volume":"303","author":"Altmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R35-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/S0828-282X(06)70305-1","article-title":"Combination of statin and ezetimibe for the treatment of dyslipidemias and the prevention of coronary artery disease","volume":"22","author":"Genest","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"R36-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0800742","article-title":"Simvastatin with or without ezetimibe in familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"358","author":"Kastelein","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R37-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.18.1975","article-title":"Colesevelam hydrochloride therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: glucose and lipid effects","volume":"168","author":"Bays","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R38-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.14.1531","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of colesevelam in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and inadequate glycemic control receiving insulin-based therapy","volume":"168","author":"Goldberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R39-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0283","article-title":"Colesevelam HCl improves glycemic control and reduces LDL cholesterol in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes on sulfonylurea-based therapy","volume":"31","author":"Fonseca","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R40-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1160\/TH03-04-0250","article-title":"Statin and fibrate treatment of combined hyperlipidemia: the effects on some novel risk factors","volume":"92","author":"Sebestjen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"R41-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1543","article-title":", on behalf of the FIELD Study Investigators. The effects of fenofibrate treatment on cardiovascular disease risk in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes and various components of the metabolic syndrome: the FIELD study.","volume":"32","author":"Scott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R42-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706201","article-title":"Rosuvastatin in older patients with systolic heart failure","volume":"357","author":"Kjekshus","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R43-8-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61240-4","article-title":"Effect of rosuvastatin in patients with chronic heart failure (the GISSI-HF trial): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"372","author":"Gissi-Hf Investigators, Tavazzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01266029-200904000-00008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T18:53:17Z","timestamp":1786042397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01266029-200904000-00008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/med.0b013e328329135a","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-296X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-296X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}}}