{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:54:33Z","timestamp":1791212073959,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/med.0b013e32834c800d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]],"date-time":"2013-08-30T16:12:44Z","timestamp":1377879164000},"page":"409-416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":439,"title":["Placental hormones and the control of maternal metabolism and fetal growth"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Dorothee","family":"Newbern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Freemark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0708473","article-title":"Effect of in utero and early-life conditions on adult health and disease.","volume":"359","author":"Gluckman","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R2-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70540-X","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in maternal serum leptin concentrations, body composition, and resting metabolic rate in pregnancy.","volume":"178","author":"Highman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R3-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0997-1029","article-title":"Nonadipose tissue production of leptin: leptin as a novel placenta-derived hormone in humans.","volume":"3","author":"Masuzaki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"R4-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1159\/000091505","article-title":"Regulation of maternal metabolism by pituitary and placental hormones: roles in fetal development and metabolic programming.","volume":"65","author":"Freemark","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"R5-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.7.2207","article-title":"TNF- is a predictor of insulin resistance in human pregnancy.","volume":"51","author":"Kirwan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"R6-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0264-x","article-title":"Adiponectin in human pregnancy: implications for regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.","volume":"49","author":"Catalano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"R7-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2005-0011","article-title":"Endocrine regulation of human fetal growth: the role of the mother, placenta, and fetus.","volume":"27","author":"Murphy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"R8-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.3.8603606","article-title":"Ontogenesis of prolactin receptor gene expression in the rat olfactory system: potential roles for lactogenic hormones in olfactory development.","volume":"137","author":"Freemark","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"R9-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076647","article-title":"Pregnancy-stimulated neurogenesis in the adult female forebrain mediated by prolactin.","volume":"299","author":"Shingo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R10-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.1995.1016","article-title":"Human placental lactogen infusions into the medial preoptic area stimulate maternal behavior in steroid-primed, nulliparous female rats.","volume":"29","author":"Bridges","year":"1995","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"R11-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12542","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901647106","article-title":"De novo synthesis of estrogen in pregnant uterus is critical for stromal decidualization and angiogenesis.","volume":"106","author":"Das","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R12-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.082799lr","article-title":"Uteroplacental vascular development and placental function: an update.","volume":"54","author":"Reynolds","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"R13-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1018","article-title":"Induction of central leptin resistance in hyperphagic pseudopregnant rats by chronic prolactin infusion.","volume":"149","author":"Augustine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"R14-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2005.08.010","article-title":"Progesterone and the immunology of pregnancy.","volume":"97","author":"Druckmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"R15-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1290.016","article-title":"Maternal and fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes during pregnancy and postpartum.","volume":"997","author":"Mastorakos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"R16-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-67-2-341","article-title":"Role of gestational hormones in the induction of insulin resistance.","volume":"67","author":"Ryan","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R17-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2006.03.010","article-title":"Aspects of placental growth hormone physiology.","volume":"16","author":"Fuglsang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"key":"R18-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2009.04.011","article-title":"Growth hormone isoforms.","volume":"19","author":"Baumann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"key":"R19-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E629","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00221.2009","article-title":"20-kDa placental hGH-V has diminished diabetogenic and lactogenic activities compared with 22-kDa hGH-N while retaining antilipogenic activity.","volume":"297","author":"Vickers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R20-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(06)77011-X","article-title":"Ghrelin in pregnancy and lactation.","volume":"77","author":"Fuglsang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vitam Horm"},{"key":"R21-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(98)00040-9","article-title":"Physiological role of human placental growth hormone.","volume":"140","author":"Alsat","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R22-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2002.0811","article-title":"Human placental growth hormone: a review.","volume":"23","author":"Lacroix","year":"2002","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"R23-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70103-0","article-title":"Human placental growth hormone.","volume":"177","author":"Alsat","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R24-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2008.01661.x","article-title":"Pregnancy-induced adaptation in the neuroendocrine control of prolactin secretion.","volume":"20","author":"Grattan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"R25-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(76)90811-5","article-title":"Endocrine-metabolic response to acute starvation in human gestation.","volume":"125","author":"Tyson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R26-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0975","article-title":"Hyperphagia and central mechanisms for leptin resistance during pregnancy.","volume":"152","author":"Trujillo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"R27-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2003.01092.x","article-title":"Changes in agouti-related peptide during the ring dove breeding cycle in relation to prolactin and parental hyperphagia.","volume":"15","author":"Strader","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"R28-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.1.6437","article-title":"Neuropeptide Y and tuberoinfundibular dopamine activities are altered during lactation: role of prolactin.","volume":"140","author":"Li","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"R29-12-20211004","first-page":"60","article-title":"Somatogenic and lactogenic activity of the recombinant 22kDa isoform of human placental growth hormone.","volume":"5","author":"Igout","year":"1995","journal-title":"Growth Regul"},{"key":"R30-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E572","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1993.265.4.E572","article-title":"Regulation of maternal IGF-I by placental GH in normal and abnormal human pregnancies.","volume":"265","author":"Caufriez","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R31-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1297","article-title":"Human placental growth hormone increases expression of the P85 regulatory unit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and triggers severe insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.","volume":"145","author":"Barbour","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"R32-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.121256","article-title":"Human placental growth hormone causes severe insulin resistance in transgenic mice.","volume":"186","author":"Barbour","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R33-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2000.01044.x","article-title":"Placental growth hormone and IGF-I in a pregnant woman with Pit-1 deficiency.","volume":"53","author":"Verhaeghe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"R34-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37489","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M506967200","article-title":"Increased P85alpha is a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle insulin signaling and induces in vivo insulin resistance associated with growth hormone excess.","volume":"280","author":"Barbour","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R35-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S112","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-s202","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms for insulin resistance in normal pregnancy and gestational diabetes.","volume":"30","author":"Barbour","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R36-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2007.12.012","article-title":"Adipokines and insulin resistance during pregnancy.","volume":"80","author":"Zavalza-Gomez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"R37-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1369","article-title":"Beta-cell replication is the primary mechanism subserving the postnatal expansion of beta-cell mass in humans.","volume":"57","author":"Meier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"R38-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5401","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0051","article-title":"The interplay of prolactin and the glucocorticoids in the regulation of beta-cell gene expression, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion: implications for carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy.","volume":"149","author":"Arumugam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"R39-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-1258","article-title":"Differential and complementary effects of glucose and prolactin on islet DNA synthesis and gene expression.","volume":"152","author":"Arumugam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"R40-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30707","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M702607200","article-title":"Lactogens promote beta cell survival through JAK2STAT5 activation and Bcl-XL upregulation.","volume":"282","author":"Fujinaka","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R41-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200001000-00023","article-title":"Constitutive expression of placental lactogen in pancreatic beta cells: effects on cell morphology, growth, and gene expression.","volume":"47","author":"Fleenor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"R42-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15399","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.20.15399","article-title":"Targeted expression of placental lactogen in the beta cells of transgenic mice results in beta cell proliferation, islet mass augmentation, and hypoglycemia.","volume":"275","author":"Vasavada","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R43-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.4.8722","article-title":"Targeted deletion of the PRL receptor: effects on islet development, insulin production, and glucose tolerance.","volume":"143","author":"Freemark","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"R44-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1003","article-title":"Prolactin receptor is required for normal glucose homeostasis and modulation of beta-cell mass during pregnancy.","volume":"150","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"R45-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0049","article-title":"Regulation of islet beta-cell pyruvate metabolism: interactions of prolactin, glucose, and dexamethasone.","volume":"151","author":"Arumugam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"R47-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1913-7","article-title":"Placental lactogens induce serotonin biosynthesis in a subset of mouse beta cells during pregnancy.","volume":"53","author":"Schraenen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"R48-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3752","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.25.9.3752-3762.2005","article-title":"Cyclins D2 and D1 are essential for postnatal pancreatic beta-cell growth.","volume":"25","author":"Kushner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"R49-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI22098","article-title":"Beta cell replication is the primary mechanism for maintaining postnatal beta cell mass.","volume":"114","author":"Georgia","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R50-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2009-0144","article-title":"The transcriptional response of the islet to pregnancy in mice.","volume":"23","author":"Rieck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"R51-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2001.0630","article-title":"Weights of placentae from small-for-gestational age infants revisited.","volume":"22","author":"Heinonen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"R52-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5858.80","article-title":"Placental lactogen levels in diabetic pregnancy.","volume":"2","author":"Ursell","year":"1973","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"R53-12-20211004","first-page":"1143","article-title":"Placental growth hormone (GH), GH-binding protein, and insulin-like growth factor axis in normal, growth-retarded, and diabetic pregnancies: correlations with fetal growth.","volume":"85","author":"McIntyre","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R54-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050701463571","article-title":"Placental growth hormone is increased in the maternal and fetal serum of patients with preeclampsia.","volume":"20","author":"Mittal","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"R55-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199310000-00011","article-title":"Placental growth hormone levels in normal pregnancy and in pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation.","volume":"34","author":"Mirlesse","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"R56-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199607000-00018","article-title":"Growth factors and intrauterine growth retardation. II. Serum growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I, and IGF-binding protein 3 levels in children with intrauterine growth retardation compared with normal control subjects: prospective study from birth to two years of age. Study Group of IUGR.","volume":"40","author":"Leger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"R57-12-20211004","first-page":"791","article-title":"Changes in GHIGF-1 axis in intrauterine growth retardation: consequences of fetal programming Horm Metab R","volume":"41","author":"Setia","year":"2009","journal-title":"es"},{"key":"R58-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2010.12.002","article-title":"Decreased placental expression of hPGH, IGF-I and IGFBP-1 in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction.","volume":"21","author":"Koutsaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"key":"R59-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0023","article-title":"Differential expression profile of growth hormonechorionic somatomammotropin genes in placenta of small- and large-for-gestational-age newborns.","volume":"95","author":"Mannik","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R60-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3109\/00016347609156440","article-title":"Human placental lactogen hormone in serum from pregnant women with rhesus (anti-D) isoimmunization.","volume":"53","author":"Bock","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl"},{"key":"R61-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(79)90698-7","article-title":"Absence of human placental lactogen in an otherwise uneventful pregnancy.","volume":"135","author":"Nielsen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R62-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.1.1982.1.251","article-title":"A gene deletion is responsible for absence of human chorionic somatomammotropin.","volume":"1","author":"Wurzel","year":"1982","journal-title":"DNA"},{"key":"R63-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1981.tb01011.x","article-title":"Isolated defect in human placental lactogen synthesis in a normal pregnancy. Case report.","volume":"88","author":"Borody","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"R64-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1982.tb03623.x","article-title":"PLacental protein profile and glucose studies in a normal pregnancy with extremely low levels of human placental lactogen. Case report.","volume":"89","author":"Alexander","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"R65-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1983.tb09309.x","article-title":"Immunologically undetectable human placental lactogen in a normal pregnancy. Case report.","volume":"90","author":"Sideri","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"R66-12-20211004","first-page":"727","article-title":"Low or absent serum placental lactogen hormone in 2 normal pregnancies.","volume":"146","author":"Wohlk","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"R67-12-20211004","first-page":"131","article-title":"Failure of placenta to produce hPL in an otherwise uneventful pregnancy: a case report.","volume":"7","author":"Barbieri","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biol Res Pregnancy Perinatol"},{"key":"R68-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00282540","article-title":"Absence of human chorionic somatomammotropin during pregnancy associated with two types of gene deletion.","volume":"74","author":"Simon","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"R69-12-20211004","first-page":"130","article-title":"A pregnancy without detectable human placental lactogen (hPL).","volume":"109","author":"Trapp","year":"1987","journal-title":"Zentralbl Gynakol"},{"key":"R70-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390050658","article-title":"Absence of human placental lactogen and placental growth hormone (HGH-V) during pregnancy: PCR analysis of the deletion.","volume":"102","author":"Rygaard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"R71-12-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0744","article-title":"Roles of the lactogens and somatogens in perinatal and postnatal metabolism and growth: studies of a novel mouse model combining lactogen resistance and growth hormone deficiency.","volume":"146","author":"Fleenor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes &amp; Obesity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01266029-201112000-00012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T01:57:50Z","timestamp":1633312670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01266029-201112000-00012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/med.0b013e32834c800d","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-296X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-296X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}}}