{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:21:43Z","timestamp":1790187703817,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/med.0b013e32835a1a2e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]],"date-time":"2013-08-30T16:02:04Z","timestamp":1377878524000},"page":"489-496","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Management of CAH during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Selma Feldman","family":"Witchel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2010-0013","article-title":"The molecular biology, biochemistry, and physiology of human steroidogenesis and its disorders.","volume":"32","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"R2-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-6164(93)90024-D","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency: newborn screening and its relationship to the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder.","volume":"2","author":"Pang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Screening"},{"key":"R3-9-20211004","first-page":"650","article-title":"High frequency of nonclassical steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency.","volume":"37","author":"Speiser","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R4-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2010.10.001","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia.","volume":"24","author":"Witchel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Ped Adolescent Gynecol"},{"key":"R5-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e3283534db2","article-title":"Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia.","volume":"19","author":"Witchel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"R6-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.06.025","article-title":"The phenotype of hirsute women: a comparison of polycystic ovary syndrome and 21-hydroxylase-deficient nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia.","volume":"94","author":"Pall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R7-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1582","article-title":"Clinical and molecular characterization of a cohort of 161 unrelated women with nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency and 330 family members.","volume":"94","author":"Bidet","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R8-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0019","article-title":"Phenotypic profiling of parents with cryptic nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia: findings in 145 unrelated families.","volume":"164","author":"Nandagopal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"R9-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OGX.0000062966.93819.5B","article-title":"Fertility in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.","volume":"58","author":"Stikkelbroeck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"R10-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198701223160402","article-title":"Fertility rates in female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.","volume":"316","author":"Mulaikal","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R11-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01359.x","article-title":"Mothers with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and their children: outcome of pregnancy, birth and childhood.","volume":"55","author":"Krone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"R12-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80522-3","article-title":"Female pseudohermaphroditism caused by maternal congenital adrenal hyperplasia.","volume":"95","author":"Kai","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Pediatric"},{"key":"R13-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.07.1103","article-title":"Infertility reversed by glucocorticoids and full-term pregnancy in a couple with previously undiagnosed nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia.","volume":"96","author":"Trakakis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R14-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3451","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0062","article-title":"Reproductive outcome of women with 21-hydroxylase-deficient nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia.","volume":"91","author":"Moran","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R15-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1383","article-title":"Fertility in women with nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.","volume":"95","author":"Bidet","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R16-9-20211004","first-page":"930","article-title":"Normal female infants born of mothers with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.","volume":"84","author":"Lo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R17-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03563.x","article-title":"Reassessing fecundity in women with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH): normal pregnancy rate but reduced fertility rate.","volume":"70","author":"Casteras","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"R18-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784297","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-9856-2010-784297","article-title":"Long-term gynecological outcomes in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.","volume":"2010","author":"Johannsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"R19-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1757","article-title":"Impaired sexual and reproductive outcomes in women with classical forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.","volume":"92","author":"Gastaud","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R20-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1233490","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a critical appraisal of the evolution of feminizing genitoplasty and the controversies surrounding gender reassignment.","volume":"19","author":"Braga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Euro J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"R21-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2005.18.6.555","article-title":"A long-term outcome study of intersex conditions.","volume":"18","author":"Warne","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatric Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R22-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5110","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0917","article-title":"Health status of adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a cohort study of 203 patients.","volume":"95","author":"Arlt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R23-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-3188(03)00155-4","article-title":"The long term outcome of feminizing genital surgery for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: anatomical, functional and cosmetic outcomes, psychosexual development, and satisfaction in adult female patients.","volume":"16","author":"Stikkelbroeck","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"key":"R24-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0556","article-title":"Type of mutation and surgical procedure affect long-term quality of life for women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.","volume":"93","author":"Nordenskjold","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R25-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3633","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2639","article-title":"Sexual function and surgical outcome in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to CYP21A2 deficiency: clinical perspective and the patients perception.","volume":"95","author":"Nordenstrom","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R26-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-007-9265-1","article-title":"Sexual orientation in women with classical or nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia as a function of degree of prenatal androgen excess.","volume":"37","author":"Meyer-Bahlburg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"R27-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)03236-8","article-title":"Adrenal progestogen and androgen production in 21-hydroxylase-deficient nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia is partially independent of adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation.","volume":"77","author":"Sanchez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R28-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)01006-9","article-title":"Monitoring of menstrual cycles, ovulation, and adrenal suppression by saliva sampling in female patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency.","volume":"80","author":"Stikkelbroeck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R29-9-20211004","first-page":"635","article-title":"Is the inappropriate gonadotropin secretion of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome similar to that of patients with adult-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia Fertil S","volume":"56","author":"Levin","year":"1991","journal-title":"teril"},{"key":"R30-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)56998-2","article-title":"Ovarian suppression reduces clinical and endocrine expression of late- onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.","volume":"62","author":"Carmina","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R31-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-984741","article-title":"Neuroendocrine effects of androgens in adult polycystic ovary syndrome and female puberty.","volume":"25","author":"Blank","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"R32-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der393","article-title":"Elevated androgens during puberty in female rhesus monkeys lead to increased neuronal drive to the reproductive axis: a possible component of polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"27","author":"McGee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"R33-9-20211004","first-page":"1328","article-title":"Ovarian hyperandrogynism as a result of congenital adrenal virilizing disorders: evidence for perinatal masculinization of neuroendocrine function in women.","volume":"79","author":"Barnes","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R34-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220721","article-title":"5-androstane-3,17-diol is formed in tammar wallaby pouch young testes by a pathway involving 5-pregnane-3, 17-diol-20-one as a key intermediate.","volume":"144","author":"Wilson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"R35-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2004.09.004","article-title":"The backdoor pathway to dihydrotestosterone.","volume":"15","author":"Auchus","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R36-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E367","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1997","article-title":"Increased activation of the alternative backdoor pathway in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency: evidence from urinary steroid hormone analysis.","volume":"97","author":"Kamrath","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R37-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1080","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: more dogma bites the dust.","volume":"97","author":"Auchus","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R38-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2012.01.010","article-title":"Elevated progesterone during ovarian stimulation for IVF.","volume":"24","author":"Al-Azemi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"R39-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268e15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.08.057","article-title":"Gene expression during successful implantation in a natural cycle.","volume":"93","author":"Van Vaerenbergh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R40-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1293203","article-title":"Clinical assessment and management of the endometrium in recurrent early pregnancy loss.","volume":"29","author":"Patel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"R41-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1995.tb02034.x","article-title":"Menstrual disturbance and hypersecretion of progesterone in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.","volume":"43","author":"Holmes-Walker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"R42-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021258721796","article-title":"Confronting the hidden face of progesterone during the follicular phase.","volume":"20","author":"de Ziegler","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"R43-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq125","article-title":"Circulating progesterone levels and ongoing pregnancy rates in controlled ovarian stimulation cycles for in vitro fertilization: analysis of over 4000 cycles.","volume":"25","author":"Bosch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"R44-9-20211004","first-page":"1791","article-title":"Evidence that high serum progesterone (P) levels on day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection have no adverse effect on the embryo itself as determined by pregnancy outcome following embryo transfer using donated eggs.","volume":"37","author":"Check","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R45-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der126","article-title":"Endometrial receptivity is affected in women with high circulating progesterone levels at the end of the follicular phase: a functional genomics analysis.","volume":"26","author":"Labarta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"R46-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-009-1248-0","article-title":"Premature progesterone elevation impairs implantation and live birth rates in GnRH-agonist IVFICSI cycles.","volume":"281","author":"Kilicdag","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"R47-9-20211004","first-page":"368","article-title":"Does high serum progesterone level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration affect pregnancy rate after intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer Gynecol E","volume":"24","author":"Azem","year":"2008","journal-title":"ndocrinol"},{"key":"R48-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)56221-9","article-title":"Premature luteinization in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation has no adverse effect on oocyte and embryo quality.","volume":"60","author":"Hofmann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R49-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-26-3-385","article-title":"Macrogenitosomia precox associated with hyperplasia of the androgenic tissue of the adrenal and death from corticoadrenal insufficiency.","volume":"26","author":"Wilkins","year":"1940","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"R50-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5721","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.12.8090","article-title":"High prevalence of testicular adrenal rest tumors, impaired spermatogenesis, and Leydig cell failure in adolescent and adult males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.","volume":"86","author":"Stikkelbroeck","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R51-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3674","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0337","article-title":"Testicular tumors in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency show functional features of adrenocortical tissue.","volume":"92","author":"Claahsen-van der Grinten","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R52-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1414","article-title":"High prevalence of reduced fecundity in men with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.","volume":"94","author":"Reisch","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R53-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0828","article-title":"Fertility, sexuality and testicular adrenal rest tumors in adult males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.","volume":"166","author":"Falhammar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"R54-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1311","article-title":"Testicular adrenal rest tumors in adult males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: evaluation of pituitary-gonadal function before and after successful testis-sparing surgery in eight patients.","volume":"92","author":"Claahsen-van der Grinten","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"R55-9-20211004","first-page":"155","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: adolescence and transition.","volume":"68","author":"Conway","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"R56-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275213","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-9856-2010-275213","article-title":"Guidelines for the development of comprehensive care centers for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: guidance from the CARES Foundation Initiative.","volume":"2010","author":"Auchus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"R57-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614107","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-9856-2010-614107","article-title":"Management of the adult with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.","volume":"2010","author":"Auchus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"R58-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32834810a4","article-title":"Adult women with 21-hydroxylase deficient congenital adrenal hyperplasia, surgical and psychological aspects.","volume":"23","author":"Nordenstrom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"R59-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2010.239","article-title":"Molecular diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency: an update of new CYP21A2 mutations.","volume":"48","author":"Concolino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"R60-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2417","article-title":"Approach to the adult with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.","volume":"93","author":"Merke","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R61-9-20211004","first-page":"188","article-title":"Consensus statement on 21-hydroxylase deficiency from the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society.","volume":"58","author":"Clayton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"R62-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den118","article-title":"Fertility and pregnancy outcome in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.","volume":"23","author":"Hagenfeldt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"R63-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02410.x","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia in adults: a review of medical, surgical and psychological issues.","volume":"64","author":"Ogilvie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"R66-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4133","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2631","article-title":"Endocrine Society. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline.","volume":"95","author":"Speiser","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R67-9-20211004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1222","article-title":"Prenatal dexamethasone treatment of children at risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: The Swedish experience and standpoint.","volume":"87","author":"Hirvikoski","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01266029-201212000-00009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T02:21:30Z","timestamp":1633314090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01266029-201212000-00009"}},"subtitle":["optimizing outcomes"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/med.0b013e32835a1a2e","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-296X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-296X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}}}