{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T23:27:48Z","timestamp":1782775668382,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,2]],"date-time":"2009-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":701,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> Selective vascular ablation (photoangiolysis) using pulsed lasers that target hemoglobin is an effective treatment strategy for many vocal fold lesions. However, vessel rupture with extravasation of blood reduces selectivity for vessels, which is frequently observed with the 0.45\u2010ms, 585\u2010nm pulsed dye laser. Previous studies have shown that vessel rupture is the result of vaporization of blood, an event that varies with laser pulse width and pulse fluence (energy per unit area). Clinical observations using a 532\u2010nm wavelength pulsed potassium\u2010titanyl\u2010phosphate (KTP) laser revealed less laser\u2010induced hemorrhage than the pulsed dye laser. This study investigated settings for the pulsed KTP laser to achieve selective vessel destruction without rupture using the avian chorioallantoic membrane under conditions similar to flexible laryngoscopic delivery of the laser in clinical practice.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Study Design:<\/jats:bold> The chick chorioallantoic membrane offers convenient access to many small blood vessels similar in size to those targeted in human vocal fold. Using a 532\u2010nm pulsed KTP laser, pulse width, pulse energy, and working distance from the optical delivery fiber were varied to assess influence on the ability to achieve vessel coagulation without vessel wall rupture.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Third\u2010order vessels (n = 135) were irradiated: Energy (471\u2013550 mJ), pulse width (10, 15, 30 ms), and fiber\u2010to\u2010tissue distance (1 mm, 3 mm) were varied systematically.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Selective vessel destruction without vessel wall rupture was more often achieved by increasing pulse width, increasing the fiber\u2010to\u2010tissue distance, and decreasing energy. Vessel destruction without rupture was consistently achieved using 15\u2010 or 30\u2010ms pulses with a fiber\u2010to\u2010tissue distance of 3 mm (pulse fluence of 13\u201316 J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> This study substantiates our clinical observation that a 532\u2010nm pulsed KTP laser was effective for ablating microcirculation while minimizing vessel wall rupture and hemorrhage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/mlg.0b013e31802b5c1c","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,4]],"date-time":"2007-01-04T18:33:28Z","timestamp":1167935608000},"page":"220-225","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Effects of 532 nm Pulsed\u2010KTP Laser Parameters on Vessel Ablation in the Avian Chorioallantoic Membrane: Implications for Vocal Fold Mucosa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Broadhurst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee M.","family":"Akst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Kobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James T.","family":"Heaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Rox","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Zeitels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6836297"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900010310"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900030303"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra035148"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940411300403"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2005.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940611500802"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940611500905","article-title":"Office based 532nm pulsed\u2010KTP laser treatment of glottal papillomatosis and dysplasia.","volume":"115","author":"Zeitels SM","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202X.2004.22241.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949810701201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Atlas of Phonomicrosurgery and Other Endolaryngeal Procedures for Benign and Malignant Disease","author":"Zeitels SM","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940211100603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199807000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2001.113944"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Atlas of Phonomicrosurgery and Other Endolaryngeal Procedures for Benign and Malignant Disease","author":"Zeitels SM","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940311200902"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489402111S1203"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","unstructured":"BroadhurstMS KoblerJB AkstL et al.Effects of 585nm pulsed\u2010dye laser settings on vessel ablation in the avian chorioallantoic membrane: implications for vocal\u2010fold mucosal photoangiolysis. 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