{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:36:59Z","timestamp":1790293019703,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,2]],"date-time":"2009-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":642,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction<\/jats:bold>: Endonasal surgery represents a radical change in the practice of cranial base surgery and requires the acquisition of new knowledge and surgical skills. The optimal training program for surgeons has not been established.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>: We reviewed our experience with endonasal cranial base surgery from 1998 to 2006 to develop a training plan for the acquisition of surgical skills. It consists of a modular and incremental approach to endonasal skull base surgery that is designed to train surgeons to function as a team, learn endoscopic skull base anatomy, and develop fundamental endoscopic skills.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: Stages of training are established for the otolaryngologist\u2013head and neck surgeon and the neurosurgeon that are based on level of technical difficulty, potential risk of vascular and neural injury, and unfamiliar endoscopic anatomy. Mastery of each level is recommended before attempting procedures at a higher level.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>: Standardization of training and the adoption of a modular, incremental training program are expected to facilitate the training of endonasal surgeons in both surgical specialties. Adherence to such a program during the growth phase of endoscopic skull base surgery may decrease the risk of complications as the surgeon's knowledge and surgical expertise develop.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/mlg.0b013e318031c817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T14:06:43Z","timestamp":1172758003000},"page":"699-705","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":172,"title":["Acquisition of Surgical Skills for Endonasal Skull Base Surgery: A Training Program"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Carl","family":"Snyderman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Kassam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Carrau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlan","family":"Mintz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Prevedello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","unstructured":"GibbsVC AuerbachAD.Learning Curves for New Procedures: the Case of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Chapter 19 making health care safer: a critical analysis of patient safety practices. Evidence Report\/Technology Assessment: Number 43. AHRQ Publication No. 01\u2010E058 July 2001. Rockville MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Available at:http:\/\/www.ahrq.gov\/clinic\/ptsafety. Accessed January 21 2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2005.19.1.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"E4","article-title":"Expanded endonasal approach: the rostrocaudal axis. Part II. Posterior clinoids to the foramen magnum.","volume":"19","author":"Kassam A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2005.19.1.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200101000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-1810(97)80007-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2005.19.1.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"796","volume-title":"Operative Otolaryngology","author":"Snyderman CH","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200403000-00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.03.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otot.2006.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000163687.64774.E4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000220047.25001.F8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/jpsu.2003.50192"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1097%2FMLG.0b013e318031c817","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318031c817","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T13:10:15Z","timestamp":1700053815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318031c817"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318031c817"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mlg.0b013e318031c817","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}}}