{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T19:52:03Z","timestamp":1783021923172,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,2]],"date-time":"2009-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":581,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>: To evaluate the efficacy of the novel topical immune modulator tacrolimus in chronic uninfectious otherwise therapy\u2010resistant external otitis (EO).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Study Design<\/jats:bold>: Prospective clinical study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Patients and Methods<\/jats:bold>: There were 53 patients aged 5 to 83 years. An ear wick containing 0.1% tacrolimus ointment (Protopic) was inserted into the external auditory canal every 2nd to 3rd day. Altogether, the wick was changed three times. The pre\u2010, intra\u2010 and posttherapeutic state of the clinical parameters otalgia, edema, otorrhea, erythema, pruritus, and desquamation was rated by means of a 6\u2010point score system. Treatment efficiency was evaluated on the basis of follow\u2010up investigations at 3\u2010month intervals, a standardized findings sheet, and photograph documentation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: The short\u2010term results showed a clear improvement in 85% of the patients and significant reductions of the severity levels for all clinical parameters investigated (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). Concerning the long\u2010term results, a one\u2010time treatment cycle led to complete healing in 46% of the patients throughout a follow\u2010up of 10 to 22 months. Of the patients, 54% had recurrent EO events with significantly extended mean symptom\u2010free intervals. Reapplied tacrolimus treatment patterns attenuated the relapsing course of disease and significantly reduced the number of EO episodes. Within the observation period, no relevant side effects were observed, except for a local feeling of heat, occasional skin burning, and itching.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>: The topical application of 0.1% tacrolimus ointment in the outer ear canal appears to be an effective and well\u2010tolerated new option in corticosteroid\u2010free treatment of chronic therapy\u2010resistant EO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/mlg.0b013e31804b1aad","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,17]],"date-time":"2007-04-17T08:02:15Z","timestamp":1176796935000},"page":"1046-1052","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Tacrolimus: A New Option in Therapy\u2010Resistant Chronic External Otitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Philipp P.","family":"Caffier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Harth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Mayelzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidemarie","family":"Haupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Sedlmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pec.0000121246.99242.f5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis prevalence in patients with eczematous external otitis.","volume":"22","author":"Yariktas M","year":"2004","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/030079902125004312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"1510","article-title":"Otitis externa: review and clinical update.","volume":"74","author":"Osguthorpe JD","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.06269.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200565060-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.8.2079"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199806000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199512000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.01148.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.124603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2004.tb00656.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-006-0059-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23644.x"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1097%2FMLG.0b013e31804b1aad","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31804b1aad","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T02:41:08Z","timestamp":1696905668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31804b1aad"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31804b1aad"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mlg.0b013e31804b1aad","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}}}