{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T09:26:04Z","timestamp":1792056364362,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,2]],"date-time":"2009-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":520,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> HIV\u2010associated lipodystrophy is considered a sequela of highly active antiretroviral treatment. We describe the characteristics, possible etiology, and pathophysiology of HIV\u2010associated lipodystrophy and facial lipoatrophy and establish a validated grading scale for HIV\u2010associated facial lipoatrophy using evidence\u2010based techniques.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\/Methods:<\/jats:bold> A grading scale was designed based on the severity of each patient's facial lipoatrophy. Preoperative photographs of HIV\u2010infected patients seeking treatment for facial lipoatrophy and control subjects were reviewed by physicians qualified in facial plastic surgery. With use of the devised grading scale, each patient was assigned a severity score. These scores were then compared for interrater variability, and the distribution of scores was analyzed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Preoperative photographs of 39 HIV\u2010infected individuals with facial lipoatrophy and 6 normal subjects were obtained and reviewed. All patients were males. A Cohen kappa of 0.73 was calculated, and there was a fairly equal distribution of all severity grades throughout the 39 patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> HIV\u2010associated facial lipoatrophy is a major stigma for HIV patients that can have dramatic effects on their self\u2010esteem, social habits, and medication compliance. This current study introduces a validated evidence\u2010based grading scale that can be implemented to categorize disease severity. Using this scale will hopefully generate improved treatment plans directed to each patient, which should produce enhanced postoperative results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/mlg.0b013e318064e8ab","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,13]],"date-time":"2007-07-13T08:50:32Z","timestamp":1184316632000},"page":"1349-1353","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["HIV\u2010Associated Facial Lipoatrophy: Establishment of a Validated Grading Scale"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Etai","family":"Funk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony E.","family":"Brissett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig D.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred J.","family":"Bressler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199807000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200007070-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/108729102760330254"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"546","article-title":"Psychosocial impact of the lipodystrophy syndrome in HIV infection","volume":"10","author":"Collins E","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS Read"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200207000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200304001-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200402000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.6.6.394"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200312150-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2002.02099.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200109280-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)03391-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200002000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.08.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2004.00190.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200107270-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15489-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540410019381"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1D081"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.4.472"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199910220-00013","article-title":"Recombinant human growth hormone improves the fat redistribution syndrome (lipodystrophy) in patients with HIV","volume":"13","author":"Wanke C","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200502000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200107010-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199910220-00035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.01.005"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1097%2FMLG.0b013e318064e8ab","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318064e8ab","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T13:19:10Z","timestamp":1699967950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318064e8ab"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318064e8ab"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mlg.0b013e318064e8ab","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]}}}