{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:05:36Z","timestamp":1793325936686,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,2]],"date-time":"2009-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":336,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> Transforming growth factor \u03b2\u20101 (TGF\u2010\u03b21) is a known fibrogenic factor with immunosuppressive properties. We wanted to determine the effect of stimulation with TGF\u2010\u03b21 on nasal polyp\u2010derived fibroblasts and assess the role this molecule would have in polyp formation and growth.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Study Design:<\/jats:bold> Nasal\u2010polyp derived fibroblasts were cultured with or without TGF\u2010\u03b21, and proliferation and cytokine secretion were measured.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Fibroblasts were isolated from nasal polyps following endoscopic surgery. Cells were plated and grown until confluent, after which they were split and used in assays. Cells were stimulated with TGF\u2010 \u03b21 and mRNA collected after 16 hours, supernatants after 72 hours, and proliferation measured after 96 hours of culture.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> TGF\u2010\u03b21 significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .02) increased proliferation of nasal\u2010polyp derived fibroblasts. We examined the expression of inflammatory cytokines and found that TGF\u2010\u03b21 decreased expression of CCL2 (MCP\u20101), CCL5 (RANTES), CCL11 (eotaxin), granulocyte\u2010colony stimulating factor (G\u2010CSF), and GM\u2010CSF (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). In contrast, incubation with TGF\u2010\u03b21 increased fibronectin, procollagen, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and TGF\u2010\u03b22 protein production (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). For select samples, we confirmed that the increased protein production was due to increased mRNA expression.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> These studies suggest that TGF\u2010\u03b21 expression in polyp tissue can have dual effects. One role is to act as an anti\u2010inflammatory agent shown by the ability to inhibit pro\u2010inflammatory mRNA and protein production. At the same time, TGF\u2010\u03b21 expression leads to increases in factors involved in fibrosis and angiogenesis, promoting remodeling and cell growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/mlg.0b013e318159cc0b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,19]],"date-time":"2009-02-19T21:16:22Z","timestamp":1235078182000},"page":"320-324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Dual Action of TGF\u2010\u03b21 on Nasal\u2010Polyp Derived Fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Stewart C.","family":"Little","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S Brandon","family":"Early","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles R.","family":"Woodard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"David C.","family":"Shonka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph K.","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Borish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Steinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199602000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489850182945"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199707000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2003-0071OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Mediator feedback loops: difficulties in treating chronic hyperplastic eosinophilic sinusitis\/nasal polyposis","volume":"5","author":"Steinke JW","year":"2004","journal-title":"Recent Res Devel Allergy and Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31802e927b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2006-0252OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"52","article-title":"Stem cell factor: a possible paradigm between mast cells, eosinophils, and fibroblasts","volume":"14","author":"Smith SJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"ACI International"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.124.12.1361"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2007.21.2968"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2006.01225.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119590"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2006.20.2918"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M403758200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(94)90379-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.03.049"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1097%2FMLG.0b013e318159cc0b","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318159cc0b","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T13:29:51Z","timestamp":1699968591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318159cc0b"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318159cc0b"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mlg.0b013e318159cc0b","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}}}