{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T03:56:33Z","timestamp":1785902193446,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,2]],"date-time":"2009-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":307,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives\/Hypothesis:<\/jats:bold>Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) represents a significant treatment dilemma faced by otolaryngologists. Recent topical use of Mitomycin C as an adjunctive treatment has proved helpful but does not completely prevent stenosis. Current literature suggests that transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) plays a significant role in the development of subglottic stenosis. We modified an existing canine model to test antitransforming growth factor beta (anti\u2010TGFB) as a possible treatment for laryngotracheal stenosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Study Design:<\/jats:bold>Pilot study in a modified canine model.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>Eight mixed\u2010breed dogs underwent cautery injury to the subglottic region creating subsequent laryngotracheal stenosis. Four dogs were treated with saline injection into the injury site and four dogs were treated with a combination of intravenous (5 mg\/kg on day 0 and 5 of the experiment) and local injection of anti\u2010TGFB (50 micrograms).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>In the canine model of induced subglottic airway injury, a combination of intralesional and intravenous anti\u2010TGFB results in a reduction in tracheal stenosis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; .05) and an increase in survival time (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; .03) when compared to the saline control subjects.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>Anti\u2010TGFB appears to be a useful adjunct in the treatment of LTS. Further study regarding the optimal dosing, route of administration, and timing of delivery is needed to understand the role of anti\u2010TGFB in the treatment for laryngotracheal stenosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/mlg.0b013e31815daf6e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,19]],"date-time":"2009-02-19T20:50:11Z","timestamp":1235076611000},"page":"546-551","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Anti\u2010Transforming Growth Factor Beta as a Treatment for Laryngotracheal Stenosis in a Canine Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"C Blake","family":"Simpson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H 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