{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T20:02:32Z","timestamp":1770753752471,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose of review<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Evidence continues to mount for elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] as a prevalent, independent, and causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the effects of existing lipid-lowering therapies on Lp(a) are comparatively modest and are not specific to Lp(a). Consequently, evidence that Lp(a)-lowering confers a cardiovascular benefit is lacking. Large-scale cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of inhibitory mAbs targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) may address this issue.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Recent findings<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Although the ability of PCSK9i to lower Lp(a) by 15\u201330% is now clear, the mechanisms involved continue to be debated, with in-vitro and in-vivo studies showing effects on Lp(a) clearance (through the LDL receptor or other receptors) and Lp(a)\/apolipoprotein(a) biosynthesis in hepatocytes. The FOURIER CVOT showed that patients with higher baseline levels of Lp(a) derived greater benefit from evolocumab and those with the lowest combined achieved Lp(a) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) had the lowest event rate. Meta-analysis of ten phase 3 trials of alirocumab came to qualitatively similar conclusions concerning achieved Lp(a) levels, although an effect independent of LDL-C lowering could not be demonstrated.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Although it is not possible to conclude that PCSK9i specifically lower Lp(a)-attributable risk, patients with elevated Lp(a) could derive incremental benefit from PCSK9i therapy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mol.0000000000000641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]],"date-time":"2019-10-02T15:18:47Z","timestamp":1570029527000},"page":"428-437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 inhibitors and lipoprotein(a)-mediated risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: more than meets the eye?"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Boffa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marlys L.","family":"Koschinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology & Pharmacology"},{"name":"Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2019.04.010","article-title":"Use of lipoprotein(a) in clinical practice: a biomarker whose time has come. A scientific statement from the National Lipid Association","volume":"13","author":"Wilson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"R2-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.014","article-title":"NHLBI Working Group recommendations to reduce lipoprotein(a)-mediated risk of cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis","volume":"71","author":"Tsimikas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R3-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2017.09.001","article-title":"The renaissance of lipoprotein(a): brave new world for preventive cardiology?","volume":"68","author":"Ellis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"key":"R4-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/330132a0","article-title":"cDNA sequence of human apolipoprotein(a) is homologous to plasminogen","volume":"330","author":"McLean","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R5-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R060582","article-title":"Lipoprotein (a): truly a direct prothrombotic factor in cardiovascular disease?","volume":"57","author":"Boffa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"R6-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M800174-JLR200","article-title":"A novel function of lipoprotein [a] as a preferential carrier of oxidized phospholipids in human plasma","volume":"49","author":"Bergmark","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"R7-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M040733","article-title":"Determinants of binding of oxidized phospholipids on apolipoprotein (a) and lipoprotein (a)","volume":"54","author":"Leibundgut","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"R8-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.7.786","article-title":"CC chemokine I-309 is the principal monocyte chemoattractant induced by apolipoprotein(a) in human vascular endothelial cells","volume":"102","author":"Haque","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R9-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.12.15.1765","article-title":"Expression of adhesion molecules by Lp(a): a potential novel mechanism for its atherogenicity","volume":"12","author":"Allen","year":"1998","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"R10-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30503","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M802648200","article-title":"Apolipoprotein(a), through its strong lysine-binding site in KIV(10\u2019), mediates increased endothelial cell contraction and permeability via a Rho\/Rho kinase\/MYPT1-dependent pathway","volume":"283","author":"Cho","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R11-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.020838","article-title":"Oxidized phospholipids on lipoprotein(a) elicit arterial wall inflammation and an inflammatory monocyte response in humans","volume":"134","author":"van der Valk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R12-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M060210","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into Lp(a)-induced IL-8 expression: a role for oxidized phospholipid modification of apo(a)","volume":"56","author":"Scipione","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"R13-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.09.010","article-title":"Atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins trigger CD36-TLR2-dependent apoptosis in macrophages undergoing endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"12","author":"Seimon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"R14-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32096","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.50.32096","article-title":"The binding activity of the macrophage lipoprotein(a)\/apolipoprotein(a) receptor is induced by cholesterol via a posttranslational mechanism and recognizes distinct kringle domains on apolipoprotein(a)","volume":"271","author":"Keesler","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R15-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0153-2","article-title":"Oxidized phospholipids as a unifying theory for lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease","volume":"16","author":"Boffa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"R16-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm.11.60","article-title":"Oxidized phospholipids on apoB-100-containing lipoproteins: a biomarker predicting cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular events","volume":"5","author":"Taleb","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomark Med"},{"key":"R17-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R077693","article-title":"The metabolism of lipoprotein (a): an ever-evolving story","volume":"58","author":"Reyes-Soffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"R18-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(00)00732-2","article-title":"The metabolism of lipoprotein(a) and other apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins: a kinetic study in humans","volume":"157","author":"Demant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"R19-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2004.10.001","article-title":"The metabolism of apolipoproteins (a) and B-100 within plasma lipoprotein (a) in human beings","volume":"54","author":"Jenner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"R20-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.09.031","article-title":"In vivo stable-isotope kinetic study suggests intracellular assembly of lipoprotein(a)","volume":"225","author":"Frischmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"R21-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.10.031","article-title":"Distinct metabolism of apolipoproteins (a) and B-100 within plasma lipoprotein(a)","volume":"65","author":"Diffenderfer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"R22-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2018.11.003","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) catabolism: a case of multiple receptors","volume":"51","author":"McCormick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"R23-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37595-7","article-title":"Interaction of a recombinant form of apolipoprotein[a] with human fibroblasts and with the human hepatoma cell line HepG2","volume":"37","author":"Tam","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"R24-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.310272","article-title":"Recycling of apolipoprotein(a) after PlgRKT-mediated endocytosis of lipoprotein(a)","volume":"120","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"R25-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M038877","article-title":"Scavenger receptor-BI is a receptor for lipoprotein(a)","volume":"54","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"R26-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119753","article-title":"The atherogenic lipoprotein Lp(a) is internalized and degraded in a process mediated by the VLDL receptor","volume":"100","author":"Argraves","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R27-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37140-6","article-title":"Cellular uptake of lipoprotein[a] by mouse embryonic fibroblasts via the LDL receptor and the LDL receptor-related protein","volume":"38","author":"Reblin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"R28-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11649","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.611988","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) catabolism is regulated by proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 through the low density lipoprotein receptor","volume":"290","author":"Romagnuolo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R29-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114602","article-title":"Overexpression of human low density lipoprotein receptors leads to accelerated catabolism of Lp(a) lipoprotein in transgenic mice","volume":"85","author":"Hofmann","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R30-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P065334","article-title":"PCSK9 inhibition-mediated reduction in Lp(a) with evolocumab: an analysis of 10 clinical trials and the LDL receptor's role","volume":"57","author":"Raal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"R31-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117794","article-title":"The low density lipoprotein receptor is not required for normal catabolism of Lp(a) in humans","volume":"95","author":"Rader","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R32-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M500249-JLR200","article-title":"Lipoprotein [a] is cleared from the plasma primarily by the liver in a process mediated by apolipoprotein [a]","volume":"46","author":"Cain","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"R33-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2016.06.006","article-title":"PCSK9 modulates the secretion but not the cellular uptake of lipoprotein(a) ex vivo","volume":"1","author":"Villard","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Basic Trans Sci"},{"key":"R34-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2004.10.005","article-title":"The apolipoprotein(a) component of lipoprotein(a) mediates binding to laminin: contribution to selective retention of lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic lesions","volume":"1687","author":"D\u2019Angelo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"R35-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2019.01.004","article-title":"New frontiers in Lp(a)-targeted therapies","volume":"40","author":"Borrelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"R36-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.06.051","article-title":"Relationship of apolipoproteins A-1 and B, and lipoprotein(a) to cardiovascular outcomes: the AIM-HIGH trial (Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome with Low HDL\/High Triglyceride and Impact on Global Health Outcomes)","volume":"62","author":"Albers","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R37-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.115.305835","article-title":"Effects of extended-release nicotinic acid on apolipoprotein (a) kinetics in hypertriglyceridemic patients","volume":"35","author":"Croyal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"R38-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.115.306136","article-title":"Effects of extended-release niacin on the postprandial metabolism of Lp(a) and ApoB-100-containing lipoproteins in statin-treated men with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"35","author":"Ooi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"R39-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M029769","article-title":"Nicotinic acid inhibits hepatic APOA gene expression: studies in humans and in transgenic mice","volume":"53","author":"Chennamsetty","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"R40-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107579","article-title":"Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy","volume":"365","author":"Boden","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R41-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1300955","article-title":"Effects of extended-release niacin with laropiprant in high-risk patients","volume":"371","author":"Landray","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R42-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2957","article-title":"Effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 antibodies in adults with hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"163","author":"Navarese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R43-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034710","article-title":"Effect of an siRNA therapeutic targeting PCSK9 on atherogenic lipoproteins","volume":"138","author":"Ray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R44-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31009-1","article-title":"Antisense oligonucleotides targeting apolipoprotein(a) in people with raised lipoprotein(a): two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trials","volume":"388","author":"Viney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R45-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1161","article-title":"Mutations in PCSK9 cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia","volume":"34","author":"Abifadel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"R46-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-003-1071-9","article-title":"A mutation in PCSK9 causing autosomal-dominant hypercholesterolemia in a Utah pedigree","volume":"114","author":"Timms","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"R47-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0009-9163.2004.0238.x","article-title":"Mutations in the PCSK9 gene in Norwegian subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia","volume":"65","author":"Leren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"R48-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1509","article-title":"Low LDL cholesterol in individuals of African descent resulting from frequent nonsense mutations in PCSK9","volume":"37","author":"Cohen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"R49-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054013","article-title":"Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease","volume":"354","author":"Cohen","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R50-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0335507100","article-title":"The secretory proprotein convertase neural apoptosis-regulated convertase 1 (NARC-1): liver regeneration and neuronal differentiation","volume":"100","author":"Seidah","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R51-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2011.165191","article-title":"Novel loss-of-function PCSK9 variant is associated with low plasma LDL cholesterol in a French-Canadian family and with impaired processing and secretion in cell culture","volume":"57","author":"Mayne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"R52-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7100","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402133101","article-title":"Adenoviral-mediated expression of Pcsk9 in mice results in a low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout phenotype","volume":"101","author":"Maxwell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R53-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50630","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M410077200","article-title":"Posttranscriptional regulation of low density lipoprotein receptor protein by proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9a in mouse liver","volume":"279","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R54-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409736102","article-title":"Overexpression of PCSK9 accelerates the degradation of the LDLR in a postendoplasmic reticulum compartment","volume":"102","author":"Maxwell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R55-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29383","article-title":"Secreted PCSK9 decreases the number of LDL receptors in hepatocytes and in livers of parabiotic mice","volume":"116","author":"Lagace","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R56-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.301621","article-title":"PCSK9: a key modulator of cardiovascular health","volume":"114","author":"Seidah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"R57-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.03.007","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 serine protease, SAR236553\/REGN727, in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia receiving ongoing stable atorvastatin therapy","volume":"59","author":"McKenney","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R58-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001969","article-title":"AMG145, a monoclonal antibody against proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9, significantly reduces lipoprotein(a) in hypercholesterolemic patients receiving statin therapy: an analysis from the LDL-C Assessment with Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9 Monoclonal Antibody Inhibition Combined with Statin Therapy (LAPLACE)-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 57 trial","volume":"128","author":"Desai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R59-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.308811","article-title":"PCSK9 association with lipoprotein(a)","volume":"119","author":"Tavori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"R60-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010932","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010932","article-title":"Relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) lowering in response to PCSK9 inhibition with evolocumab","volume":"8","author":"Shapiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"R61-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.05.060","article-title":"Effect of alirocumab, a monoclonal proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin 9 antibody, on lipoprotein(a) concentrations (a pooled analysis of 150\u200amg every two weeks dosing from phase 2 trials)","volume":"114","author":"Gaudet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"R62-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy122","article-title":"Controlled study of the effect of proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 inhibition with evolocumab on lipoprotein(a) particle kinetics","volume":"39","author":"Watts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R63-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025253","article-title":"Effects of PCSK9 inhibition with alirocumab on lipoprotein metabolism in healthy humans","volume":"135","author":"Reyes-Soffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R64-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20180040","article-title":"PCSK9 inhibition with alirocumab reduces lipoprotein(a) levels in nonhuman primates by lowering apolipoprotein(a) production rate","volume":"132","author":"Croyal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"R65-20230917","article-title":"Statin therapy increases lipoprotein(a) levels","author":"Tsimikas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R66-20230917","article-title":"Statins increase Lp(a) plasma level: is this clinically relevant?","author":"Pirillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R67-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60095","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060095","article-title":"Evidence from a randomized trial that simvastatin, but not ezetimibe, upregulates circulating PCSK9 levels","volume":"8","author":"Berthold","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R68-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801174","article-title":"Alirocumab and cardiovascular outcomes after acute coronary syndrome","volume":"379","author":"Schwartz","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R69-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615664","article-title":"Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease","volume":"376","author":"Sabatine","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R70-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.896","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) reductions from PCSK9 inhibition and major adverse cardiovascular events: pooled analysis of alirocumab phase 3 trials","volume":"288","author":"Ray","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"R72-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037184","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a), PCSK9 inhibition, and cardiovascular risk","volume":"139","author":"O\u2019Donoghue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R73-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R051904","article-title":"Lipoprotein (a): impact by ethnicity and environmental and medical conditions","volume":"57","author":"Enkhmaa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"R74-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2018.08.012","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) and secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events: a critical appraisal","volume":"12","author":"Boffa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"R75-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11122","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11122","article-title":"Genome-wide study for circulating metabolites identifies 62 loci and reveals novel systemic effects of LPA","volume":"7","author":"Kettunen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"R76-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.1470","article-title":"Association of LPA variants with risk of coronary disease and the implications for lipoprotein(a)-lowering therapies: a mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"3","author":"Burgess","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"R77-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.1041","article-title":"Estimation of the required lipoprotein(a)-lowering therapeutic effect size for reduction in coronary heart disease outcomes: a mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"4","author":"Lamina","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"R78-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy862","article-title":"Persistent arterial wall inflammation in patients with elevated lipoprotein(a) despite strong low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction by proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 antibody treatment","volume":"40","author":"Stiekema","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R79-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.035","article-title":"Significant associations between lipoprotein(a) and corrected apolipoprotein B-100 levels in African-Americans","volume":"235","author":"Enkhmaa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"R80-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2018.02.014","article-title":"Relationship between \u2018LDL-C\u2019, estimated true LDL-C, apolipoprotein B-100, and PCSK9 levels following lipoprotein(a) lowering with an antisense oligonucleotide","volume":"12","author":"Viney","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"R81-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003012","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.003012","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) interactions with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other cardiovascular risk factors in premature acute coronary syndrome (ACS)","volume":"5","author":"Afshar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"R82-20230917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000171","article-title":"\u2018LDL-C\u2019\u200a=\u200aLDL-C\u200a+\u200aLp(a)-C: implications of achieved ultra-low LDL-C levels in the proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 era of potent LDL-C lowering","volume":"26","author":"Yeang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Lipidology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000641","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T08:18:42Z","timestamp":1694938722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000641"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mol.0000000000000641","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-9672","1473-6535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-9672","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-6535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}}}