{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T19:56:14Z","timestamp":1793822174959,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose of review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Acne vulgaris is a global disease with increasing prevalence in adolescents. It has a profound impact on their quality of life, especially when endocrine disorders are also involved. Recent concerns regarding antibiotic stewardship, failures with antibiotic usage, and the development of antibiotic-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Propionibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      have led clinicians to consider other therapeutic options for acne treatment. The present review explores hormonal therapies for the treatment of acne vulgaris.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recent findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are now four different combined oral contraceptive pills that are FDA approved for the treatment of acne since its first introduction in 1960. Recent literature has provided more information on the efficacy of different generations of combined oral contraceptive pills, their side-effects, and cancer risks. Furthermore, spironolactone has been gaining wider use among dermatologists in adolescents with endocrine dysfunction. New diagnostic guidelines and treatment recommendations have also been suggested.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hormonal therapies are effective and well tolerated options for the treatment of acne vulgaris in adolescents with and without endocrine disorders. They can be used as monotherapy or in conjunction with benzoyl peroxide, topical retinoic acid, or antibiotics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mop.0000000000000515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,27]],"date-time":"2017-05-27T13:24:42Z","timestamp":1495891482000},"page":"455-465","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Endocrine disorders and hormonal therapy for adolescent acne"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Henry L.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megha M.","family":"Tollefson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R1-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13462","article-title":"A global perspective on the epidemiology of acne","volume":"172","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R2-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70442-6","article-title":"Recent findings in the epidemiologic evidence, classification, and subtypes of acne vulgaris","volume":"39","author":"White","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R3-20230918","first-page":"13","article-title":"The epidemiology of acne vulgaris in late adolescence","volume":"7","author":"Lynn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adolesc Health Med Ther"},{"key":"R4-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2010.00855.x","article-title":"Community-based epidemiological study of psychosocial effects of acne in Japanese adolescents","volume":"37","author":"Kubota","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"R5-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.201533726","article-title":"Quality of life, self-esteem and psychosocial factors in adolescents with acne vulgaris","volume":"90","author":"Vilar","year":"2015","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"R6-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962012000600007","article-title":"The impact of acne vulgaris on quality of life and psychic health in young adolescents in Greece. Results of a population survey","volume":"87","author":"Tasoula","year":"2012","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"R7-20230918","first-page":"303","article-title":"A comprehensive health impact assessment and determinants of quality of life, health and psychological status in acne patients","volume":"150","author":"Pagliarello","year":"2015","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R8-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5070\/D34HP8N68P","article-title":"Acne in adolescents: quality of life, self-esteem, mood, and psychological disorders","volume":"17","author":"Dunn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"R9-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-016-0168-8","article-title":"Acne and rosacea","volume":"7","author":"Picardo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"R10-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-5945-13-10","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2 activation and comedogenesis: implications for the pathogenesis of acne","volume":"13","author":"Selway","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Dermatol"},{"key":"R11-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.505","article-title":"New insights into acne pathogenesis: propionibacterium acnes activates the inflammasome","volume":"134","author":"Contassot","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"(Suppl 4)","key":"R12-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13190","article-title":"Understanding innate immunity and inflammation in acne: implications for management","volume":"29","author":"Dreno","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R13-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.037","article-title":"Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris","volume":"74","author":"Zaenglein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R14-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000309","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescent girls","volume":"24","author":"Baldauff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"R15-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.05.026","article-title":"Evidence-based approach to cutaneous hyperandrogenism in women","volume":"73","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R16-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1018","article-title":"Scientific statement on the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and molecular genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Dumesic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"R17-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1104","article-title":"The pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the hypothesis of PCOS as functional ovarian hyperandrogenism revisited","volume":"37","author":"Rosenfield","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"R18-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.4498","article-title":"Cutaneous findings and systemic associations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"152","author":"Schmidt","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"R19-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1159\/000375530","article-title":"The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome during adolescence","author":"Witchel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"R20-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12123","article-title":"What does a diagnostic label of \u2018polycystic ovary syndrome\u2019 really mean in adolescence? A review of current practice recommendations","volume":"6","author":"Morris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Obes"},{"key":"R21-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000301","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents: a review of past year evidence","volume":"28","author":"Javed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R22-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2006.23","article-title":"Androgen excess disorders in women: the severe insulin-resistant hyperandrogenic syndrome, HAIR-AN","volume":"6","author":"Rager","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"R23-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2004.106","article-title":"Clinical profiles, occurrence, and management of adolescent patients with HAIR-AN syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Omar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"R24-20230918","first-page":"531","article-title":"Familial acanthosis nigricans. A longitudinal study","volume":"32","author":"Friedman","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"R25-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90074-2","article-title":"Hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans (HAIR-AN) syndrome: spontaneous remission in a 15-year-old girl","volume":"34","author":"Esperanza","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R26-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30405-5","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia and ovarian hyperandrogenism. Cause and effect","volume":"17","author":"Barbieri","year":"1988","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"R27-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)60060-2","article-title":"The role of hyperinsulinemia in the pathogenesis of ovarian hyperandrogenism","volume":"50","author":"Barbieri","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R28-20230918","first-page":"2385","article-title":"HAIR-AN syndrome: a multisystem challenge","volume":"63","author":"Elmer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"R29-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1381\/0960892053268435","article-title":"Biliopancreatic diversion as a novel approach to the HAIR-AN syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Manco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"R30-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890400023003","article-title":"Successful treatment of hirsutism in HAIR-AN syndrome using flutamide, spironolactone, and birth control therapy","volume":"133","author":"Zemtsov","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R31-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9410","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.9410","article-title":"Mixed form of hirsutism in an adolescent female and laser therapy","volume":"16","author":"Gacaferri Lumezi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran Red Crescent Med J"},{"key":"R32-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2010.10.001","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"24","author":"Witchel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"key":"R33-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra021561","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"349","author":"Speiser","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R34-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590903015494","article-title":"An update to 21-hydroxylase deficient congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"26","author":"Trakakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"R35-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.148","article-title":"Neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"5","author":"White","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"R36-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625105","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-9856-2010-625105","article-title":"Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"2010","author":"Witchel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"R37-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1159\/000277608","article-title":"Refractory acne and 21-hydroxylase deficiency in a selected group of female patients","volume":"220","author":"Caputo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"R38-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12065","article-title":"What is the best approach to the teenage patient presenting with nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia: should we always treat with glucocorticoids?","volume":"78","author":"Matthews","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R39-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(00)80026-8","article-title":"Pathophysiology and diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome","volume":"54","author":"Miyachi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"R40-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61375-1","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome","volume":"386","author":"Lacroix","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R41-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-016-2727-5","article-title":"Management of Cushing syndrome in children and adolescents: experience of a single tertiary centre","volume":"175","author":"G\u00fcemes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"R42-20230918","first-page":"51","article-title":"Antiandrogenos en dermatologia","volume":"32","author":"Orfanos","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Argent Dermatol"},{"key":"R43-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.09.014","article-title":"Ovarian SAHA syndrome is associated with a more insulin-resistant profile and represents an independent risk factor for glucose abnormalities in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective controlled study","volume":"69","author":"Dalamaga","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R44-20230918","first-page":"251","article-title":"The SAHA syndrome","volume":"54","author":"Orfanos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"R45-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03937.x","article-title":"Acne-associated syndromes: models for better understanding of acne pathogenesis","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R46-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.11.005","article-title":"Acne as a chronic systemic disease","volume":"32","author":"Zouboulis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"R47-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.06.028","article-title":"Dietary glycemic index and glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, and leptin levels in patients with acne","volume":"57","author":"Kaymak","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R48-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200700307","article-title":"A pilot study to determine the short-term effects of a low glycemic load diet on hormonal markers of acne: a nonrandomized, parallel, controlled feeding trial","volume":"52","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"R49-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.12.1584","article-title":"Acne vulgaris: a disease of Western civilization","volume":"138","author":"Cordain","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R50-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.046","article-title":"The effect of a high-protein, low glycemic-load diet versus a conventional, high glycemic-load diet on biochemical parameters associated with acne vulgaris: a randomized, investigator-masked, controlled trial","volume":"57","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R51-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1346","article-title":"Clinical and histological effect of a low glycaemic load diet in treatment of acne vulgaris in Korean patients: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"92","author":"Kwon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"R52-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.11.005","article-title":"The effect of a low glycemic load diet on acne vulgaris and the fatty acid composition of skin surface triglycerides","volume":"50","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"R53-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.1.107","article-title":"A low-glycemic-load diet improves symptoms in acne vulgaris patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"86","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R54-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2013.11.010","article-title":"Relationships of self-reported dietary factors and perceived acne severity in a cohort of New York young adults","volume":"114","author":"Burris","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"R55-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.02.1220","article-title":"Dietary glycemic factors, insulin resistance, and adiponectin levels in acne vulgaris","volume":"75","author":"\u00c7erman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R56-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S69135","article-title":"Linking diet to acne metabolomics, inflammation, and comedogenesis: an update","volume":"8","author":"Melnik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"R57-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5070\/D377B9S0Z8","article-title":"Milk consumption and acne in adolescent girls","volume":"12","author":"Adebamowo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"R58-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.08.049","article-title":"Milk consumption and acne in teenaged boys","volume":"58","author":"Adebamowo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R59-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.08.007","article-title":"High school dietary dairy intake and teenage acne","volume":"52","author":"Adebamowo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R60-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.02.018","article-title":"Family history, body mass index, selected dietary factors, menstrual history, and risk of moderate to severe acne in adolescents and young adults","volume":"67","author":"Di Landro","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R61-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.04.030","article-title":"Consumption of dairy in teenagers with and without acne","volume":"75","author":"LaRosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"(Suppl 3)","key":"R62-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S163","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0490B","article-title":"Evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric acne","volume":"131","author":"Eichenfield","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R63-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2010.04.004","article-title":"The use of newer progestins for contraception","volume":"82","author":"Sitruk-Ware","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R64-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0164170","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164170","article-title":"Fourth-generation progestins inhibit 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and modulate the biosynthesis of endogenous steroids","volume":"11","author":"Toit","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"(Suppl 3)","key":"R65-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/13697130500330382","article-title":"Pharmacology of different progestogens: the special case of drospirenone","volume":"8","author":"Sitruk-Ware","year":"2005","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"R66-20230918","first-page":"1","article-title":"Four generations of progestins in oral contraceptives","volume":"16","author":"Davtyan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc UCLA Healthcare"},{"key":"R67-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004425.pub5","article-title":"Combined oral contraceptive pills for treatment of acne","author":"Arowojolu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R68-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.122192","article-title":"Efficacy of a low-dose oral contraceptive containing 20 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 100 microg of levonorgestrel for the treatment of moderate acne: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"Leyden","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R69-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)01938-0","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of a low-dose contraceptive containing 20 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 100 microg of levonorgestrel for acne treatment","volume":"76","author":"Thiboutot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R70-20230918","first-page":"143","article-title":"A combined oral contraceptive containing 3-mg drospirenone\/20-microg ethinyl estradiol in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating lesion counts and participant self-assessment","volume":"82","author":"Lucky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"R71-20230918","first-page":"837","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of a low-dose combined oral contraceptive containing 3\u200amg drospirenone plus 20 microg ethinylestradiol in the treatment of acne vulgaris: lesion counts, investigator ratings and subject self-assessment","volume":"8","author":"Maloney","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"R72-20230918","first-page":"633","article-title":"A single-center, randomized double-blind, parallel-group study to examine the safety and efficacy of 3\u200amg drospirenone\/0.02\u200amg ethinyl estradiol compared with placebo in the treatment of moderate truncal acne vulgaris","volume":"12","author":"Palli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"R73-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2007.11.003","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of 3\u200amg drospirenone\/20 mcg ethinylestradiol oral contraceptive administered in 24\/4 regimen in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"77","author":"Koltun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R74-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)70112-9","article-title":"Effectiveness of norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol in treating moderate acne vulgaris","volume":"37","author":"Lucky","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R75-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00059-8","article-title":"Norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"89","author":"Redmond","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R76-20230918","first-page":"286","article-title":"The duration of response to norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol in the treatment of acne vulgaris","volume":"43","author":"Olson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Womens Med"},{"key":"R78-20230918","first-page":"670","article-title":"Hormonal contraceptives and acne: a retrospective analysis of 2147 patients","volume":"15","author":"Lortscher","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"R79-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.06.065","article-title":"Comparison of two contraceptive pills containing drospirenone and 20\u200a\u03bcg or 30\u200a\u03bcg ethinyl estradiol for polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"132","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"R80-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346756","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and metabolic impact of two different dosages of ethinyl-estradiol in association with drospirenone in normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized study","volume":"36","author":"Romualdi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"R81-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318277c93b","article-title":"ACOG Committee Opinion Number 540: risk of venous thromboembolism among users of drospirenone-containing oral contraceptive pills","volume":"120","author":"Committee on gynecologic practice","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R82-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010813.pub2","article-title":"Combined oral contraceptives: venous thrombosis","author":"de Bastos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R83-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2015.07.007","article-title":"Does the progestogen used in combined hormonal contraception affect venous thrombosis risk?","volume":"42","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"R84-20230918","first-page":"59","article-title":"Risk of venous thromboembolism in women taking the combined oral contraceptive: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Bateson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician"},{"key":"R85-20230918","article-title":"Drospirenone-containing combined oral contraceptives and the risk of arterial thrombosis: a population-based nested case-control study","author":"Lariv\u00e9e","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"R86-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i2002","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2002","article-title":"Low dose oestrogen combined oral contraception and risk of pulmonary embolism, stroke, and myocardial infarction in five million French women: cohort study","volume":"353","author":"Weill","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R87-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90806-5","article-title":"Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53 297 women with breast cancer and 100 239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies","volume":"347","author":"Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R88-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61684-5","article-title":"Cervical cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data for 16,573 women with cervical cancer and 35,509 women without cervical cancer from 24 epidemiological studies","volume":"370","author":"International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R89-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-0298","article-title":"Oral contraceptive use and risk of breast, cervical, colorectal, and endometrial cancers: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Gierisch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"R90-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.15430\/JCP.2016.21.4.294","article-title":"The role of oral contraceptive pills on increased risk of breast cancer in Iranian populations: a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Soroush","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"R91-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.02.002","article-title":"Lifetime cancer risk and combined oral contraceptives: the Royal College of General Practitioners\u2019 Oral Contraception Study","author":"Iversen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R92-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2013.08.008","article-title":"Oral contraceptive use and cancer: final report from the Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study","volume":"88","author":"Vessey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R93-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1619","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001619","article-title":"Oral contraceptives use and liver cancer risk: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"94","author":"An","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"R94-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(99)70138-4","article-title":"The effects of rifampin and rifabutin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a combination oral contraceptive","volume":"65","author":"Barditch-Crovo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R95-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03348907","article-title":"Treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in acne or idiopathic hirsutism","volume":"16","author":"Faloia","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"R96-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0b013e32836343eb","article-title":"The use of gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues in adolescent and young patients with endometriosis","volume":"25","author":"DiVasta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R97-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1159\/000067823","article-title":"Update and future of hormonal therapy in acne","volume":"206","author":"Thiboutot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"R98-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.105557","article-title":"Low-dose adjunctive spironolactone in the treatment of acne in women: a retrospective analysis of 85 consecutively treated patients","volume":"43","author":"Shaw","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R99-20230918","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of spironolactone on acne vulgaris\u2014a double blind study","volume":"171","author":"Mansurul","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bangladesh J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"R100-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-006-0081-0","article-title":"Antiandrogenic therapy using oral spironolactone for acne vulgaris in Asians","volume":"30","author":"Sato","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"R101-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04045.x","article-title":"Oral spironolactone improves acne vulgaris and reduces sebum excretion","volume":"111","author":"Goodfellow","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R102-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1986.tb05722.x","article-title":"Oral spironolactone: an effective treatment for acne vulgaris in women","volume":"115","author":"Muhlemann","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R103-20230918","first-page":"37","article-title":"Oral spironolactone in postteenage female patients with acne vulgaris: practical considerations for the clinician based on current data and clinical experience","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"R104-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.3.776","article-title":"Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk","volume":"108","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R105-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.34","article-title":"Low usefulness of potassium monitoring among healthy young women taking spironolactone for acne","volume":"151","author":"Plovanich","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"R106-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1211357","article-title":"Experience in the long-term treatment of patients with hirsutism and\/or acne with cyproterone acetate-containing preparations: efficacy, metabolic and endocrine effects","volume":"103","author":"van Wayjen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"R107-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.11.013","article-title":"A comparative systematic review of Yasmin (drospirenone pill) versus standard treatment options for symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"210","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"R108-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12899","article-title":"Cyproterone acetate induces a wide spectrum of acute liver damage including corticosteroid-responsive hepatitis: report of 22 cases","volume":"36","author":"Bessone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"R109-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7551","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i46.7551","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity induced by cyproterone acetate: a report of three cases","volume":"12","author":"Savidou","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R110-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31595-9","article-title":"Acute and fulminant hepatitis induced by flutamide: case series report and review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Brahm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol 10"},{"key":"R111-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590902730754","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity during low-dose flutamide treatment for hirsutism","volume":"25","author":"Castelo-Branco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"R112-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2010.526664","article-title":"Retrospective, observational study on the effects and tolerability of flutamide in a large population of patients with acne and seborrhea over a 15-year period","volume":"27","author":"Paradisi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"R113-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.06.018","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity with low- and ultralow-dose flutamide: a surveillance study on 203 hyperandrogenic young females","volume":"98","author":"Bruni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00008480-201708000-00012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T22:02:07Z","timestamp":1694988127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00008480-201708000-00012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mop.0000000000000515","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-8703","1531-698X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-8703","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-698X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}}}