{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:10:06Z","timestamp":1785906606934,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose of review<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The management of displaced medial humeral epicondyle fractures in children remains controversial. The indications for surgery, the ideal surgical strategy and the implications of a painful nonunion remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Recent findings<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This article describes the state of the evidence and the art in the management of medial humeral epicondyle fractures concentrating on recent research and current opinion. Treatment of paediatric medial epicondylar fractures of the elbow remains the domain of expert opinion and subject to great variance. Anatomical, biomechanical and computer simulation models suggest great importance should be given to the medial epicondyle and the structures, which insert onto it. However, this does not correlate with outcomes as reported by patients, parents and surgeons.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The question of which paediatric medial humeral epicondylar fractures benefit from operative fixation remains unanswered. A large randomized prospective trial is required.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mop.0000000000000707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T10:50:38Z","timestamp":1542797438000},"page":"86-91","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Paediatric medial humeral epicondyle fracture management: 2019 approach"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Amy M.","family":"Firth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben A.","family":"Marson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-20-04-223","article-title":"Medial epicondyle fractures in the pediatric population","volume":"20","author":"Gottschalk","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"R3-20230918","first-page":"203","article-title":"The ulnar collateral ligament of the human elbow joint anatomy, function and biomechanics","volume":"175","author":"Fuss","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"146","key":"R4-20230918","first-page":"42","article-title":"Biomechanics of elbow instability: the role of the medial collateral ligament","author":"Schwab","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R5-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2313030560","article-title":"Anterior bundle of ulnar collateral ligament: evaluation of anatomic relationships by using MR imaging, MR arthrography, and gross anatomic and histologic analysis","volume":"231","author":"Munshi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"R8-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200201000-00002","article-title":"Medial condyle fractures of the humerus in children","volume":"22","author":"Leet","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"(Suppl 2)","key":"R9-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S135","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31824bdb78","article-title":"Medial epicondyle fractures in children: clinical decision making in the face of uncertainty","volume":"32","author":"Mehlman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthopaed"},{"key":"R10-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00493","article-title":"Intraobserver and interobserver agreement in the measurement of displaced humeral medial epicondyle fractures in children","volume":"92","author":"Pappas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R11-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01637","article-title":"How displaced are \u2018nondisplaced\u2019 fractures of the medial humeral epicondyle in children? 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