{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:44:14Z","timestamp":1792201454710,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/mop.0b013e328306a07c","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,5]],"date-time":"2009-03-05T15:11:13Z","timestamp":1236265873000},"page":"375-382","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Gynecomastia in adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Christina A","family":"Nordt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy D","family":"DiVasta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2005.05.026","article-title":"Ductal carcinoma in situ in a 16-year-old adolescent boy with gynecomastia: a case report","volume":"40","author":"Wadie","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"R2-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-1433.2002.02584.x","article-title":"How should gynaecomastia be managed?","volume":"73","author":"Daniels","year":"2003","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"R3-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.03.057","article-title":"Beneficial effects of raloxifene and tamoxifen in the treatment of pubertal gynecomastia","volume":"145","author":"Lawrence","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R4-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2007.03.010","article-title":"Relationship of adolescent gynecomastia with varicocele and somatometric parameters: a cross-sectional study in 6200 healthy boys","volume":"41","author":"Kumanov","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"R5-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1961.03040440001001","article-title":"Gynecomastia in adolescent boys","volume":"178","author":"Nydick","year":"1961","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R6-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)37016-X","article-title":"Adolescent gynecomastia. Differential diagnosis and management","volume":"37","author":"Mahoney","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"R7-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)82843-4","article-title":"Hormonal studies and physical maturation in adolescent gynecomastia","volume":"116","author":"Biro","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R8-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2605.2002.00374.x","article-title":"Causes of gynaecomastia in young adult males and factors associated with idiopathic gynaecomastia","volume":"25","author":"Ers\u00f6z","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"R9-3-20210206","first-page":"927","article-title":"Pubertal gynecomastia and transient elevation of serum estradiol level","volume":"129","author":"LaFranchi","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"R10-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-50-1-128","article-title":"Persistent pubertal macromastia","volume":"50","author":"Marynick","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R11-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-004-1281-x","article-title":"Sonography of pediatric male breast masses: gynecomastia and beyond","volume":"34","author":"Welch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"R12-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199302183280708","article-title":"Gynecomastia","volume":"328","author":"Braunstein","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R13-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2005.18.10.929","article-title":"Leptin levels in boys with pubertal gynecomastia","volume":"18","author":"Dundar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R14-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4428","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0082","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of anastrozole for the treatment of pubertal gynecomastia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"89","author":"Plourde","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R15-3-20210206","first-page":"180","article-title":"Gynecomastia","author":"Joffe","year":"2008"},{"key":"R16-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4119","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031882","article-title":"Presence of luteinizing hormone\/human chorionic gonadotropin receptors in male breast tissues","volume":"89","author":"Carlson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R17-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0748-7983(03)00004-0","article-title":"Testicular tumours presenting as gynaecomastia","volume":"29","author":"Daniels","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"R18-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7545.837","article-title":"Testicular tumour presenting as gynaecomastia","volume":"332","author":"Harris","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R19-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-1-42","article-title":"Klinefelter syndrome and other sex chromosomal aneuploidies","volume":"1","author":"Visootsak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"R20-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2002.15.5.553","article-title":"Pubertal gynecomastia","volume":"15","author":"Lazala","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R21-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000042146.40379.25","article-title":"Classification and management of gynecomastia: defining the role of ultrasound-assisted liposuction","volume":"111","author":"Rohrich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R22-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1978.03630270091031","article-title":"Pseudogynecomastia secondary to injection of heroin into breast tissue","volume":"138","author":"Carlson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R23-3-20210206","first-page":"2494","article-title":"Drug addiction and gynecomastia","volume":"67","author":"Camiel","year":"1967","journal-title":"N Y State J Med"},{"key":"R24-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197601152940325","article-title":"Letter: methadone-associated gynecomastia","volume":"294","author":"Thomas","year":"1976","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R25-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(49)91745-6","article-title":"Gynecomastia during treatment with amphetamine","volume":"1","author":"Tooley","year":"1949","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R26-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(77)90447-0","article-title":"Gynecomastia and cannabis smoking. A nonassociation among US Army soldiers","volume":"134","author":"Cates","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"R27-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197211022871824","article-title":"Gynecomastia in marihuana users","volume":"287","author":"Harmon","year":"1972","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R28-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950050035004","article-title":"Psychiatric and medical effects of anabolic\u2013androgenic steroid use. A controlled study of 160 athletes","volume":"51","author":"Pope","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R29-3-20210206","first-page":"81","article-title":"Psychological characteristics of adolescent steroid users","volume":"29","author":"Burnett","year":"1994","journal-title":"Adolescence"},{"key":"R30-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2005.06.005","article-title":"Adverse effects of anabolic steroids in athletes. A constant threat","volume":"158","author":"Maravelias","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"R31-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa064725","article-title":"Prepubertal gynecomastia linked to lavender and tea tree oils","volume":"356","author":"Henley","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R32-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2003.10.013","article-title":"Gynaecomastia and the plant product \u2018Tribulis terrestris\u2019","volume":"13","author":"Jameel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"R33-3-20210206","first-page":"115","article-title":"Gynaecomastia and the herbal tonic \u2018Dong Quai\u2019","volume":"42","author":"Goh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"R34-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922806294800","article-title":"Gynecomastia: evaluation and treatment recommendations for primary care providers","volume":"46","author":"Cakan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"R35-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp070677","article-title":"Clinical practice. Gynecomastia","volume":"357","author":"Braunstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R36-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2006.01095.x","article-title":"Management of gynaecomastia: an update","volume":"61","author":"Gikas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"R37-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1983.tb00026.x","article-title":"Studies on the treatment of idiopathic gynaecomastia with percutaneous dihydrotestosterone","volume":"19","author":"Kuhn","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"R38-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7410.301","article-title":"Endocrine treatment of physiological gynaecomastia","volume":"327","author":"Khan","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R39-3-20210206","first-page":"296","article-title":"A comparison of danazol and placebo in the treatment of adult idiopathic gynaecomastia: results of a prospective study in 55 patients","volume":"72","author":"Jones","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Royal Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"R40-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.0950177","article-title":"The effect of clomiphene citrate on pubertal gynaecomastia","volume":"95","author":"LeRoith","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"key":"R41-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1983.02140370040013","article-title":"Clomiphene in the treatment of adolescent gynecomastia. Clinical and endocrine studies","volume":"137","author":"Plourde","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"R42-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(77)80394-6","article-title":"Clomiphene in the treatment of pubertal-adolescent gynecomastia: a preliminary report","volume":"90","author":"Stepanas","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R43-3-20210206","first-page":"178","article-title":"Treating puberty gynecomastia","volume":"37","author":"Alagaratnam","year":"1987","journal-title":"J R Coll Gen Pract"},{"key":"R44-3-20210206","first-page":"142","article-title":"Puberty gynaecomastia","volume":"35","author":"Hooper","year":"1985","journal-title":"J R Coll Gen Pract"},{"key":"R45-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1515\/IJAMH.2003.15.4.359","article-title":"Tamoxifen treatment for pubertal gynecomastia","volume":"15","author":"Derman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Adolesc Med Health"},{"key":"R46-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.112S218","article-title":"Treatment of pubertal gynaecomastia with testolactone","volume":"279","author":"Zachmann","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol"},{"key":"R47-3-20210206","first-page":"113","article-title":"Treatment of pubertal gynecomastia with the specific aromatase inhibitor anastrozole","volume":"62","author":"Riepe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"R49-3-20210206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000173441.57812.e8","article-title":"Ultrasonic liposuction in the treatment of gynecomastia","volume":"116","author":"Hodgson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plastic Reconstr Surg"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/MOP.0b013e328306a07c","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:44:35Z","timestamp":1786038275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00008480-200808000-00003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mop.0b013e328306a07c","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-8703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-8703","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}}}