{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T12:45:23Z","timestamp":1772196323723,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether children with celiac disease (CD) fail to show a response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine more frequently than children without CD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a prospective study that compared the response to HBV, tetanus, rubella, and\n                      <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      type b (Hib) vaccines between children with CD and age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched control subjects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study population included 26 patients with CD and 18 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched controls. All had received the full complement of childhood vaccinations. A significantly higher proportion of subjects in the CD group (14 of 26) failed to respond to HBV vaccine compared with controls (2 of 18; 53.9% vs 11.1%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Patients with CD were 8.33 times more likely to test negative for hepatitis B surface antigen than control subjects (95% CI, 1.5\u201346.5). By contrast, all of the subjects in both groups tested positive for rubella antibodies; only 1 subject in the CD group tested negative for tetanus antibody versus none in the control group (3.9% vs 0%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.0). The percentage of subjects who tested negative for Hib antibodies was similar in the 2 groups (CD, 33.3%; control, 44.4%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.53).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More than 50% of children with CD do not show a response to standard vaccination regimens for HBV. Given the large number of children with CD throughout the world, this observation suggests that there is a large HBV\u2010susceptible population despite widespread vaccination. Current immunization strategies may need to be reassessed to protect this population and achieve the goal of universal protection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mpg.0b013e3180320654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,19]],"date-time":"2007-03-19T04:01:10Z","timestamp":1174276870000},"page":"431-435","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Failure to Respond to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Children With Celiac Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Seung\u2010Dae","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition North Shore\u2010Long Island Jewish Health System New Hyde Park NY"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology National Center for Child Health and Development Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Juntendo University Tokyo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Markowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition North Shore\u2010Long Island Jewish Health System New Hyde Park NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Pettei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition North Shore\u2010Long Island Jewish Health System New Hyde Park NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toba","family":"Weinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition North Shore\u2010Long Island Jewish Health System New Hyde Park NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina P","family":"Sison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Unit North Shore\u2010Long Island Jewish Institute for Biomedical Research Manhasset NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven R","family":"Swiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology North Shore\u2010Long Island Jewish Health System New Hyde Park NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremiah","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition North Shore\u2010Long Island Jewish Health System New Hyde Park NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701163360307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Hepatitis B immunization in health care workers: dealing with vaccine nonresponse","volume":"15","author":"Poland GA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Prev 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