{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T15:02:49Z","timestamp":1785164569529,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]],"date-time":"2007-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006047","name":"Komitet Bada\u0144 Naukowych","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> species infection is usually self\u2010limited in immunocompetent populations, but can be severe and life\u2010threatening among immunocompromised individuals, particularly in patients with AIDS and in these patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A group of 5 patients with genetically confirmed hyper\u2010IgM syndrome type 1 (XHIM) and one patient with primary CD4 lymphopenia were enrolled in the study. At least 2 stool samples and a bile sample in one patient were examined for <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> oocysts by a modified Ziehl\u2010Neelsen technique, by immunofluorescence assay using a commercial kit, as well as by molecular analysis followed by genotyping. Immunological status at the time of PID diagnosis and the complex picture of disease are presented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic cryptosporidiosis was confirmed in 3 patients with XHIM and in one patient with primary CD4 lymphopenia. Molecular diagnosis showed the presence of <jats:italic>C parvum, C hominis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>C meleagridis<\/jats:italic> in analyzed specimens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> infection with serious clinical symptoms observed in patients with hyper\u2010IgM syndrome calls for regular, repeated screening in this group of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mpg.0b013e318054b09b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,3]],"date-time":"2009-03-03T23:07:40Z","timestamp":1236121660000},"page":"458-464","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["<i>Cryptosporidium<\/i> Infection in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Beata","family":"Wolska\u2010Kusnierz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Hepatology and Immunology Clinic Children's Memorial Health Institute 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