{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T06:13:47Z","timestamp":1791008027405,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A protective effect of <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> infection against allergic diseases has been reported. The increasing incidence of childhood allergy in developed countries may be a result of reduced stimulation of the immune system by early chronic infections, with the protective effect of gastrointestinal microbes being mediated by regulatory T lymphocytes and production of interleukin (IL)\u201010. To elucidate a possible mechanism involved in protecting against the development of atopy, we measured expression of IL\u201010 in gastric mucosa of children with <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> gastritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastric biopsies were performed during endoscopy in 48 children (median age, 9 years), 32 of whom had <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> gastritis and 16 of whom served as controls. Interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3), interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2), and IL\u201010 were measured in tissue homogenate by quantitative reverse\u2010transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR). The amounts of IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20101\u03b2, and IL\u201010 transcripts were quantified via competitive RT\u2010PCR with use of dilution series of specific competitors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Expression of IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u201010 were significantly higher in <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2013infected children. No direct correlation with age was found, but a further increase in IL\u201010 expression was found in <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2013infected children older than 4 years, whereas in control subjects, IL\u201010 expression tended to be lower in older children. IL\u20101\u03b2 expression was similar in infected children and control subjects. In <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2013infected children, the prevalence of allergy was significantly higher in children with lower cytokine expression in gastric mucosa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In children, <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2013induced inflammatory response is associated with development of cell\u2010mediated immunity of T\u2010helper 1 type, as demonstrated by increased IFN\u2010\u03b3 expression. The significantly increased expression of gastric IL\u201010 in <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2013infected children and its further increase in older children suggest that this chronic infection may influence IL\u201010 production even beyond the age of 4 years. <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> may be one of the infections with the potential to modulate immune responses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mpg.0b013e3180ca8960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,4]],"date-time":"2009-03-04T22:08:15Z","timestamp":1236204495000},"page":"301-305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Increased Interleukin\u201010 in <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> Infection Could Be Involved in the Mechanism Protecting From Allergy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Oderda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale Novara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Vivenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale Novara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Rapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale Novara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renzo","family":"Boldorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale Novara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Bonsignori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale Novara 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