{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:25:43Z","timestamp":1780586743747,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the association of carotenoids and retinol (vitamin A) with intestinal barrier function in children in an urban community in Fortaleza, northeastern Brazil.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Descriptive analysis of serum carotenoids and retinol concentrations with intestinal barrier function in 102 children from an urban community, July 2000 to August 2001.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The weight for height <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> score (wasting) showed that 19.6% (20\/102) had mild malnutrition (\u22121 to \u22122 <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> score). All of the children's serum retinol concentrations were determined and none were severely deficient (\u22640.35 \u03bcmol\/L), 2.9% (3\/102) were moderately (0.36\u20130.70 \u03bcmol\/L) deficient, 20.6% (21\/102) were mildly (0.71\u20131.05 \u03bcmol\/L) deficient; 76.5% (78\/102) were vitamin A sufficient (&gt;1.05 \u03bcmol\/L). The lactulose:mannitol (L\/M) ratio was elevated (\u22650.0864) in 49% (47\/97) of children when compared with healthy children with normal L\/M ratio (&lt;0.0864) in the same geographic area. Serum carotenoids, lutein, \u03b2\u2010cryptoxanthin and \u03b2\u2010carotene showed significant inverse correlations with the L\/M ratio, but not lutein after adjusting for age. Acute phase proteins (C\u2010reactive protein and \u03b1\u2010acid glycoprotein) were significantly inversely correlated with retinol but not with carotenoids. Retinol and retinol\u2010binding protein were not significantly associated with L\/M ratio.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data suggest a disruption of intestinal barrier function in the paracellular pathway with low serum concentrations of carotenoids. Carotenoids may provide a better marker for disrupted intestinal barrier function than retinol\u2010binding protein or retinol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mpg.0b013e31816bf4bf","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,25]],"date-time":"2010-02-25T06:42:44Z","timestamp":1267080164000},"page":"652-659","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Carotenoids, Retinol, and Intestinal Barrier Function in Children From Northeastern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Milena M","family":"Vieira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit and Institute of Biomedicine\/Center for Global Health Department of Physiology and Pharmacology School of Medicine Federal University of Cear\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jisun","family":"Paik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S","family":"Blaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto M","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa MS","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit and Institute of Biomedicine\/Center for Global Health Department of Physiology and Pharmacology School of Medicine Federal University of Cear\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L","family":"Guerrant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit and Institute of Biomedicine\/Center for Global Health Department of Physiology and Pharmacology School of Medicine Federal 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