{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:14:07Z","timestamp":1787166847006,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL57448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL57448"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and pancreatic insufficiency (PI) are at increased risk for essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate serum markers of EFA status in children with CF and PI and their association with growth, body composition, and lung function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum phospholipid fatty acid, growth, and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      , percentage predicted) status were assessed at baseline and 12 months in 77 children with CF and PI, 7 to 10 years old. Longitudinal mixed\u2010effects models were used to compare associations of the triene:tetraene ratio (ratio of eicosatrienoic acid to arachidonic acid) and serum linoleic acid (as a molar percentage of total serum phospholipid fatty acids, or mol%) with the clinical outcomes. Controls for serum fatty acid were 23 healthy white age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched children.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Children with CF and PI had higher median triene:tetraene ratio and lower linoleic acid than healthy controls. Depending on the triene:tetraene ratio cutoff point used (0.04 or 0.02), either 17% or 52% of the children with CF had EFA deficiency, respectively. Only linoleic acid was significantly and positively associated with\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      scores for weight, height, body mass index, upper arm muscle area, and FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      at baseline. Children with linoleic acid at 21 mol% or higher had significantly better growth and pulmonary status than those with lower concentrations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum phospholipid linoleic acid at 21 mol% or higher was associated with better growth, body composition, and FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      . No clinical outcome associations were found with the triene:tetraene ratio. These findings suggest that linoleic acid concentration was a more clinically relevant biomarker of EFA status than the triene:tetraene ratio in children with CF and PI. Further research is warranted to validate this specific percentage of linoleic acid cutoff point as a new recommendation for clinical use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mpg.0b013e31817fb76b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,25]],"date-time":"2010-02-25T01:42:44Z","timestamp":1267062164000},"page":"635-644","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Serum Linoleic Acid Status as a Clinical Indicator of Essential Fatty Acid Status in Children With Cystic Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Asim","family":"Maqbool","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan I","family":"Schall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition 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