{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:31:10Z","timestamp":1777937470723,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in the characteristics between <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2013positive and <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2013negative primary ulcers in Chinese children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective review of children with primary peptic ulcers. Demographic data, clinical presentations, endoscopic features, histological findings, <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> prevalence, and ulcer recurrences were studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010three Chinese children with primary peptic ulcers were diagnosed over 8 years and were reviewed. There were 31 boys and 12 girls (median age 12 years, range 3\u201316 years). Thirty children (70%) presented with acute gastrointestinal bleeding, whereas only 19 had a history of epigastric pain. Twenty\u2010three patients (53.5%) were <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> positive. <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2013positive ulcers developed in older children (median age 12 vs 10 years, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and affected more males (91.3% vs 50%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) than the <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2013negative group. The annual ulcer recurrence rates were estimated to be 5.2% (95% CI 4.2\u20136.3) and 11.4% (95% CI 9.1\u201313.6) for positive and negative groups, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression suggested <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2013negative status and ulcer size &gt;1 cm were independent risk factors for recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our report suggests that <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2013negative primary ulcers exist in children with their own distinct features. In contrast to <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2013positive ulcers, <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2013negative ulcers develop in younger children, affect both sexes equally, and carry a higher recurrence risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mpg.0b013e31818c5f8b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,21]],"date-time":"2009-05-21T13:29:05Z","timestamp":1242912545000},"page":"299-305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\u2013positive Versus <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\u2013negative Idiopathic Peptic Ulcers in Children With Their Long\u2010term Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Yuk Him","family":"Tam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology Department of Surgery China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim Hung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology Department of Surgery China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ka Fai","family":"To","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology Prince of Wales Hospital The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kin Wai","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology Department of Surgery China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sing Tak","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology Department of Surgery 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