{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T15:40:10Z","timestamp":1760888410762,"version":"3.37.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M01 RR 00048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M01 RR 00048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Choline deficiency is associated with hepatic dysfunction. Parenteral nutrition (PN) and lipid emulsions contain phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) but insignificant free choline (FCho). PtdCho is sequentially degraded to glycerolphosphocholine (GPCho), phosphocholine (PCho), and finally to FCho. Biosynthesis of FCho may be insufficient during PN therapy. The aim of the study was to examine the status of FCho and related metabolites in infants on prolonged (\u22654 weeks) PN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whole blood concentrations of FCho, PtdCho, GPCho, and PCho were measured and compared in infants on PN and infants on enteral feeds (controls).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infants on PN (n = 14) had higher birth weight but same postnatal age as controls (n = 14) (mean \u00b1 standard deviation) 8.3 \u00b1 3.9 versus 7.4 \u00b1 3.6 weeks. Parenteral nutrition was associated with increased PtdCho 1761 \u00b1 452 versus 1471 \u00b1 221 nmol\/mL,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.04. Mean whole blood FCho, GPCho, and PCho concentrations did not differ significantly in PN versus controls: 40.0 \u00b1 15.4 versus 50.8 \u00b1 49.7, 16.4 \u00b1 14.5 versus 25.2 \u00b1 29.3, and 15.3 \u00b1 13.5 versus 22.0 \u00b1 14.8 nmol\/mL, respectively. However, PCho was positively correlated with GPCho in controls (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>= 0.91,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.01) but not PN (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>= 0.24,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= NS), and infants receiving &gt;90% of daily energy intake from PN (n = 6) had decreased PCho, 5.7 \u00b1 4.1 nmol\/mL, compared with those receiving &lt;90% of daily energy intake (n = 8) 22.5 \u00b1 13.7 nmol\/mL,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05, and controls, 22.0 \u00b1 14.8 nmol\/mL,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.01.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Decreased whole\u2010blood concentrations of choline suggest possible evidence of choline deficiency as illustrated by decreased whole\u2010blood PCho. Choline supplementation should be investigated in infants who require prolonged PN, and whole\u2010blood PCho can be used to monitor response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mpg.0b013e3181a93735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,16]],"date-time":"2010-01-16T07:55:16Z","timestamp":1263628516000},"page":"194-199","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Whole\u2010blood\u2013free Choline and Choline Metabolites in Infants Who Require Chronic Parenteral Nutrition Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Timothy A","family":"Sentongo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Chicago USA"},{"name":"Children's Memorial Hospital Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Memorial Hospital Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Karza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Chicago USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Keys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Memorial Hospital Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kishore","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mt Sinai School of Medicine New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan L","family":"Buchman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern Memorial Hospital Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2005.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(98)00162-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.10.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000179647.24046.03"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2006.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.64.3.342"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1981.02130330052017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607186010004356"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840050428"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199808000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(97)00232-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3046.2001.005002080.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(00)00349-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2005.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.4.572"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.4.826"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/42.4.577"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.5.7.2010061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00455.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.14.070194.001413"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0261-5614(93)90143-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/43.2.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607101025005260"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607199023005305"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840220510"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y59-099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac025624x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780040112"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Expert Consultation. 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