{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T08:44:40Z","timestamp":1782377080115,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]],"date-time":"2010-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in early life contribute to a lower quality of life and more persistent GI symptoms during the rest of life. Epidemiologic data on adolescence GI disorders are scarce. We aimed to perform a population\u2010based study to assess the prevalence of GI symptoms in adolescents and their relation to sex, age, and socioeconomic status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A multistage random sample of Tehran middle and high school students (ages 14\u201319 years) was selected. A validated Persian version of the Rome II questionnaire was used to measure the frequency of different GI disorders as well as demographic socioeconomic variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1436 participants were enrolled in the study, 736 (51.3%) of whom were men. Mean (SD) age was 16.9 (1.8) years. The frequency of at least 1 GI symptom was 32.4%. The 4 most prevalent GI symptoms were bloating (16.9%), heartburn (4.9%), incontinence (4.3%), and irritable bowel syndrome (4.1%). Bloating, irritable bowel syndrome, and proctalgia fugax were significantly more common in girls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Incontinence was significantly more prevalent in lower socioeconomic status levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01). In logistic regression, age was a risk factor for abdominal bloating and dysphagea and a protective factor for incontinence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study indicates that GI symptoms are common among adolescents. Girls are more prone to these disorders. Special psychological and medical interventions are necessary for high\u2010risk groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mpg.0b013e3181d1b23e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,11]],"date-time":"2010-06-11T15:27:08Z","timestamp":1276270028000},"page":"41-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Epidemiology of Uninvestigated Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Adolescents: A Population\u2010based Study Applying the Rome II Questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Sahand","family":"Sohrabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Disease Research Center Shariati Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Nouraie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard University Department of Medicine and Center for Sickle Cell Disease Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hooman","family":"Khademi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Disease Research Center Shariati Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somayyeh","family":"Baghizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Disease Research Center Shariati Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siavosh","family":"Nasseri\u2010Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Disease Research Center Shariati Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Malekzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Disease Research Center Shariati Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.32978"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90202-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2006.01006.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00454-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"843","article-title":"Epidemiology of celiac sprue: a community\u2010based study","volume":"89","author":"Talley NJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in Tehran, Iran: a population\u2010based telephone survey","volume":"10","author":"Nouraie M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01642.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1536-4801.2004.tb12140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2764"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2008.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/20.2.233"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520802555975"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents: population\u2010based study","volume":"73","author":"Reshetnikov OV","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ter Arkh"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000189371.29911.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2004.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","unstructured":"Mapy Institute.Methodology.http:\/\/www.mapi\u2010institute.com\/linguistic\u2010validation\/methodology. 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