{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:05:44Z","timestamp":1791266744483,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG270371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG270371"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate proinflammatory and anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine levels in children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010five children with IBS (17 diarrhea\u2010predominant, 7 constipation\u2010predominant, and 11 mixed type) and 25 healthy children as healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. All of the participants completed a questionnaire recording the duration, severity, and associated academic and social influences. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured for 24 hours with and without 1 or 5 ng\/mL\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cytokine production including tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1), interleukin (IL)\u20106, and IL\u201010 was measured using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Children with IBS revealed lower baseline and significantly lower IL\u201010 levels after LPS stimulation compared with HCs (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). Although not to a significant level, TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106 levels were higher in children with IBS compared with HCs. The IL\u201010 levels in patients with IBS with strong pain intensity were lower both in baseline and under 1 ng\/mL LPS stimulation. The levels became significantly lower under 5 ng\/mL LPS stimulation compared with those experiencing mild and moderate pain intensity (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.025).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study suggests that children with IBS tend to produce lower amounts of the anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine IL\u201010 at baseline and after LPS stimulation, implying that defects in immune modulation may contribute to IBS in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mpg.0b013e3181fd9816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]],"date-time":"2011-03-17T05:28:17Z","timestamp":1300339697000},"page":"376-381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Decreased Interleukin\u201010 Secretion by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Children With Irritable Bowel Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Man\u2010Chin","family":"Hua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2010Wei","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Taoyuan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2010Ling","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsung\u2010Chieh","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology Department of Pediatrics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing\u2010Long","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology Department of Pediatrics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu\u2010Mei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.01.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31814b91e7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000007593"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"1627","volume-title":"Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics,","author":"Wyllie R","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01871.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.11.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.37095"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.1.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.02.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"1970","article-title":"Does bacterial gastroenteritis predispose people to functional gastrointestinal disorders? 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