{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T03:04:14Z","timestamp":1775531054809,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid\u2013binding protein (AFABP), and leptin have been shown to be present in human breast milk (BM). We determined intraindividual changes of BM levels of these proteins during 12 months of lactation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proteins were measured using a high\u2010sensitivity enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay method in 72 healthy mothers after delivery (day 0, D0) and after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of lactation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adiponectin levels in BM on D0 were 22.8 \u00b1 0.8 (mean \u00b1 standard error of the mean), in 1 month (M1) 22.0 \u00b1 0.6, in 3 months (M3) 20.5 \u00b1 0.6, in 6 months (M6) 21.4 \u00b1 0.8, and in 12 months (M12) 25.7 \u00b1 1.4 ng\/mL. AFABP levels were 12.3 \u00b1 2.0, 6.2 \u00b1 1.3, 1.3 \u00b1 0.2, 2.5 \u00b1 1.0, and 4.6 \u00b1 1.9 ng\/mL, respectively. Leptin levels were 0.3 \u00b1 0.04, 0.2 \u00b1 0.03, 0.1 \u00b1 0.01, 0.1 \u00b1 0.02, and 0.2 \u00b1 0.04 ng\/mL, respectively. We found significantly higher levels of adiponectin in M12 in comparison to M3 and M6 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0026), higher levels of AFABP in D0 and M1 when compared with M3, M6, and M12 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001), and higher levels of leptin on D0 than in M1, M3, M6, and M12 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). AFABP levels correlated negatively with infants' body weight in M1, but there was no correlation throughout the lactation period between body weight and other proteins. We found positive correlation between adiponectin, AFABP, and leptin throughout the lactation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>All of the hormones were detectable in BM up to 12 months of lactation, with decreasing trend until M3 and subsequent increase till M12. We speculate that higher levels in M6 and M12 may be caused by longer intervals between breast\u2010feeding due to the introduction of complementary food.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mpg.0b013e3182062fcc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]],"date-time":"2011-03-17T09:28:17Z","timestamp":1300354097000},"page":"474-477","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Adiponectin, AFABP, and Leptin in Human Breast Milk During 12 Months of Lactation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Jiri","family":"Bronsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics 2nd Medical Faculty Charles University and University Hospital Motol Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Mitrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics 2nd Medical Faculty Charles University and University Hospital Motol Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Karpisek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiri","family":"Mazoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Durilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics 2nd Medical Faculty Charles University and University Hospital Motol Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbora","family":"Fisarkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology 2nd Medical Faculty Charles University and University Hospital Motol Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Stechova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics 2nd Medical Faculty Charles University and University Hospital Motol Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Prusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry 2nd Medical Faculty University Hospital Motol Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiri","family":"Nevoral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics 2nd Medical Faculty Charles University and University Hospital Motol Czech 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