{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T21:27:47Z","timestamp":1783114067015,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transcription factor GATA\u20104 is expressed in early fetal liver and essential for organogenesis. It is also implicated in carcinogenesis in several endoderm\u2010derived organs. Hepatoblastoma (HB), the most common malignant pediatric liver tumor, has features of fetal liver including extramedullary hematopoiesis. We investigated the expression of GATA\u20104 and its purported target gene erythropoietin (Epo) in liver tumors and the role of GATA\u20104 in HB pathogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction were used for liver samples from patients with HB or hepatocellular carcinoma. To further investigate the role of GATA\u20104 in pediatric liver tumors, we used adenoviral transfections of wild\u2010type or dominant negative GATA\u20104 constructs in the human HB cell line, HUH6.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found abundant GATA\u20104 expression in both types of liver tumors in children, whereas it was absent in adult hepatocellular carcinoma. A close family member GATA\u20106 was expressed in a minority of childhood but not adult liver tumors. Epo, present in the fetal liver, was also expressed in childhood liver tumors. Moreover, cell line HUH6 was GATA\u20104 positive and produced Epo. We found that altering the amount of functional GATA\u20104 in HUH6 cells did not significantly affect either proliferation or apoptosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>GATA\u20104 is abundant in pediatric liver tumors, but unraveling its exact role in these neoplasms requires further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mpg.0b013e31822d52cf","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,22]],"date-time":"2011-07-22T13:03:58Z","timestamp":1311339838000},"page":"101-108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Transcription Factor GATA\u20104 Is Abundantly Expressed in Childhood but Not in Adult Liver Tumors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Tea","family":"Soini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Research Center Children's Hospital University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital 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