{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T05:30:17Z","timestamp":1791955817878,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Little is known about risk factors for biliary pancreatitis in children. We characterized cases of pediatric biliary pancreatitis, compared biliary with nonbiliary cases, examined differences in presentation between younger and older children, and studied features distinguishing gallstone\u2010 from sludge\u2010induced pancreatitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated 76 episodes of biliary pancreatitis from 271 cases of acute pancreatitis in children admitted to a tertiary care hospital from 1994 to 2007.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 76 cases, 55% had gallstones, 21% had sludge, and 24% had structural defects. Hispanic children had 2.85 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01) and 5.59 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003) times higher probability for biliary pancreatitis than white and black children, respectively. Median serum amylase and lipase in children with biliary pancreatitis were 64% and 49% higher, respectively, compared with other causes (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). In multiple logistic regression, aspartate aminotransferase was an independent predictor of biliary pancreatitis (odds ratio 6.69,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). When comparing gallstone\u2010 with sludge\u2010induced causes, obesity was an independent predictor (38% more prevalent,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01) of gallstone cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hispanic ethnicity is a risk factor and aspartate aminotransferase is a biomarker for biliary pancreatitis over other causes. Furthermore, obesity can distinguish gallstone\u2010 from sludge\u2010induced pancreatitis. These findings may spur prospective studies to determine the optimal evaluation and management of children with biliary pancreatitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mpg.0b013e31823a897d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]],"date-time":"2011-10-15T05:25:41Z","timestamp":1318656341000},"page":"651-656","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Risk Factors Associated With Biliary Pancreatitis in Children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harrison X.","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahibzada U.","family":"Latif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Alabama Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pramod K.","family":"Mistry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Pashankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika S.","family":"Northrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Analytical Sciences Yale School of Public Health New Haven 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