{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:07:29Z","timestamp":1790104049570,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004212","name":"P\u00e4ivikki ja Sakari Sohlbergin S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009420","name":"Varsinais-Suomen Sairaanhoitopiiri","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009420","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Less than one\u2010tenth of the carriers of the risk genes <jats:italic>HLA\u2010DQ2<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>HLA\u2010DQ8<\/jats:italic> develop celiac disease, suggesting that other genetic and environmental factors are important in the pathogenesis. The role of gut microbiota has been addressed previously with inconsistent findings. Our aim was to evaluate microbiota, its receptors (Toll\u2010like receptors [TLRs]), and regulators of the TLRs in the small intestinal mucosa in celiac disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microbiota was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (total bacteria and 10 bacterial group\u2010 and species\u2010specific primers) and gene expression of interleukin\u20108 (IL\u20108), TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR9, and regulators of TLRs, Toll\u2010interacting protein (TOLLIP), and single immunoglobulin IL\u20101R\u2013related molecule, by relative quantitative reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction in 10 children with celiac disease (untreated celiacs), 9 children with normal small intestinal mucosa (controls), and 6 adults with celiac disease with normal small intestinal mucosa after following a gluten\u2010free diet (treated celiacs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Small intestinal microbiota was comparable among controls, untreated celiacs, and treated celiacs. Expression of IL\u20108 mRNA, a marker of intestinal inflammation, was significantly increased in untreated celiacs as compared with treated celiacs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002) and controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001). Expression of TLR\u20102 mRNA was significantly decreased in untreated (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) and treated (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03) celiacs, whereas expression of TLR\u20109 mRNA was increased in untreated celiacs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) as compared with controls. Expression of TOLLIP mRNA was downregulated in untreated celiacs as compared with controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Altered gene expression of TLR2, TLR9, and TOLLIP in small intestinal biopsies in celiac disease suggests that microbiota\u2010associated factors may be important in the development of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mpg.0b013e318241cfa8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,2]],"date-time":"2011-12-02T13:41:47Z","timestamp":1322833307000},"page":"727-732","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Expression of Microbiota, Toll\u2010like Receptors, and Their Regulators in the Small Intestinal Mucosa in Celiac Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Marko","family":"Kalliom\u00e4ki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reetta","family":"Satokari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannu","family":"L\u00e4hteenoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Turku Turku"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanna","family":"V\u00e4h\u00e4miko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Foods Forum"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juhani","family":"Gr\u00f6nlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taina","family":"Routi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seppo","family":"Salminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Foods Forum"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01471.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2260"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000111102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2007.00337.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47410-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.524"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2008.061366"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-63"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2010.076950"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-175"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2010.03378.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91819-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2010.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-007-9320-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2000.01146.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.4.1268-1273.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.10.4939-4942.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.10.4506-4512.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.7.2894-2899.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2004.02409.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.11.5445-5451.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3686-3695.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00365-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318064514a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181cd2636"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520802495529"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.1.636"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00003.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2007.00589.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2009.09.351"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700929"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318241cfa8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T08:30:31Z","timestamp":1705566631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318241cfa8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318241cfa8"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mpg.0b013e318241cfa8","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-2116","1536-4801"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-4801","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}}}