{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T12:23:11Z","timestamp":1791116591565,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the present study was to estimate the incidence and spontaneous clearance rate of <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> infection and the effect of some variables on these outcomes in schoolchildren.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>From May 2005 to December 2010, 718 schoolchildren enrolled in 3 public boarding schools in Mexico City participated in the follow\u2010up. At the beginning of the study and every 6 months thereafter, breath samples were taken to detect <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> infection; blood samples and anthropometric measurements were taken to evaluate nutritional status. Data on sociodemographic characteristics were collected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> infection was 38%. The incidence rate was 6.36%\/year. Schoolchildren with anemia or iron deficiency at the beginning of the study (who received iron supplements) showed a higher infection acquisition rate than those with normal iron nutritional status, hazard ratio (HR) 12.52 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.01%\u201339.12%), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001 and HR 2.05 (95% CI 1.09%\u20133.87%), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.027, respectively. The spontaneous clearance rate of the infection was 4.74%\/year. The spontaneous clearance rate was higher in children who had iron deficiency (who received iron supplements), HR 5.02 (95% CI 1.33%\u201318.99%), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.017, compared with those with normal nutritional iron status. It was lower in schoolchildren with \u22652 siblings compared with schoolchildren with 1 or no siblings, HR 0.23 (95% CI 0.08%\u20130.63%), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.004.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> infection status is dynamic in schoolchildren. Variables related to health status and infection transmission, such as iron status and number of siblings, are important for the incidence and spontaneous clearance of <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mpg.0b013e318248877f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]],"date-time":"2012-01-06T14:33:36Z","timestamp":1325860416000},"page":"209-216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Natural History of <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> Infection in Mexican Schoolchildren"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Ximena","family":"Duque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Research in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Mexican Institute of Social Security Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Vilchis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salud Comunitaria Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico \u201cFederico G\u00f3mez\u201d Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robertino","family":"Mera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belem","family":"Trejo\u2010Valdivia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Evaluation and Surveys National Institute of Public Health Cuernavaca Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen J.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology University of Alberta Edmonton Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria\u2010Eugenia","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Research in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Mexican Institute of Social Security Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Research in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Mexican Institute of Social Security Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Roque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Research in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Mexican Institute of Social Security Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Segundo","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Research in Gastroenterology Mexican Institute of Social Security"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Research in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Mexican Institute of Social Security Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pelayo","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08025-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.6.2401-2407.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/342910"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200103000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515663"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"94","volume-title":"Clinical Microbiology","author":"Tindberg Y","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi152"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-405X.2006.00429.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020542"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200411000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2011.00863.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000087052"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/1999\/328084"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Growth Reference Data for School\u2010aged Children and Adolescents of 5\u201019 Years.www.who.int\/growthref\/en. 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