{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T08:52:02Z","timestamp":1791535922808,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The impact of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is controversial in the neurorehabilitation literature. It has been suggested that tDCS should be combined with other therapy to improve their efficacy. To assess the effectiveness of a single session of upper limb robotic-assisted therapy (RAT) combined with real or sham-tDCS in chronic stroke patients. Twenty-one hemiparetic chronic stroke patients were included in a randomized, controlled, cross-over double-blind study. Each patient underwent two sessions 7 days apart in a randomized order: (a) 20\u2009min of real dual-tDCS associated with RAT (REAL+RAT) and (b) 20\u2009min of sham dual-tDCS associated with RAT (SHAM+RAT). Patient dexterity (Box and Block and Purdue Pegboard tests) and upper limb kinematics were evaluated before and just after each intervention. The assistance provided by the robot during the intervention was also recorded. Gross manual dexterity (1.8\u00b10.7 blocks, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>=0.008) and straightness of movement (0.01\u00b10.03, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05) improved slightly after REAL+RAT compared with before the intervention. There was no improvement after SHAM+RAT. The post-hoc analyses did not indicate any difference between interventions: REAL+RAT and SHAM+RAT (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>&gt;0.05). The assistance provided by the robot was similar during both interventions (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>&gt;0.05). The results showed a slight improvement in hand dexterity and arm movement after the REAL+RAT tDCS intervention. The observed effect after a single session was small and not clinically relevant. Repetitive sessions could increase the benefits of this combined approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/mrr.0000000000000274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]],"date-time":"2018-02-07T16:33:42Z","timestamp":1518021222000},"page":"138-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effectiveness of a single session of dual-transcranial direct current stimulation in combination with upper limb robotic-assisted rehabilitation in chronic stroke patients: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Dehem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Secteur des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK)"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Bionics, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Gilliaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secteur des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK)"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Bionics, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Lejeune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secteur des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK)"},{"name":"Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Service de M\u00e9decine Physique et R\u00e9adaptation"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Bionics, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Delaunois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Service de M\u00e9decine Physique et R\u00e9adaptation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mbonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Service de M\u00e9decine Physique et R\u00e9adaptation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Vandermeeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Brussels"},{"name":"CHU UCL Namur, Neurology Department, Stroke Unit\/NeuroModulation Unit (NeMU), Yvoir"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Bionics, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Detrembleur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secteur des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK)"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Bionics, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00ebtan","family":"Stoquart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secteur des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK)"},{"name":"Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Service de M\u00e9decine Physique et R\u00e9adaptation"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Bionics, Louvain-la-Neuve, 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