{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T19:37:20Z","timestamp":1785267440371,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/ http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mirror therapy is a simple, inexpensive, and patient-oriented method that has been shown to reduce phantom sensations and pain caused by amputation and improve range of motion, speed, and accuracy of arm movement and function. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a new, reversible, and noninvasive method for the treatment of spasticity after stroke. To investigate the therapeutic effect of the combination of mirror and extracorporeal shock wave therapy on upper limb spasticity in poststroke patients. We randomly assigned 120 patients into four groups: A, B, C, and D. All groups received conventional rehabilitation training for 30\u2009min per day, five times a week, for 4 weeks. Moreover, participants in groups A, B, and C also added mirror therapy, ESWT, and a combination of mirror and ESWT, respectively, for 20\u2009min per day. Motor recovery and spasticity were measured using Fugl\u2013Meyer assessment and modified Ashworth scale. The differences in the Fugl\u2013Meyer assessment and modified Ashworth scale scores in group C were significantly greater than those of group D at all observed time points after treatment and were significantly greater than those of groups A and B (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05), but no significant differences were observed between groups A and B until 12 months. Upper extremity spasticity was improved by combined mirror and ESWT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/mrr.0000000000000316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]],"date-time":"2018-10-03T19:34:35Z","timestamp":1538595275000},"page":"31-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Clinical study of combined mirror and extracorporeal shock wave therapy on upper limb spasticity in poststroke patients"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Junyi","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyan","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yisu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aihua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-11-56","article-title":"SALGOT \u2013 Stroke Arm Longitudinal study at the University of Gothenburg, prospective cohort study protocol","volume":"11","author":"Alt Murphy","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC 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