{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T12:40:32Z","timestamp":1783687232557,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/ http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Walking on a split-belt treadmill (each of the two belts running at a different speed) has been proposed as an experimental paradigm to investigate the flexibility of the neural control of gait and as a form of therapeutic exercise. However, the scarcity of dynamic investigations challenges the validity of the available findings. The aim of the present study was to investigate the dynamic asymmetries of lower limbs of healthy adults during adaptation to gait on a split-belt treadmill. Ten healthy adults walked on a split-belt treadmill mounted on force sensors, with belts running either at the same speed (\u2018tied\u2019 condition) or at different speeds (\u2018split\u2019 condition, 0.4 vs. 0.8 or 0.8 vs. 1.2\u2009m\/s). The sagittal power and work provided by ankle, knee and hip joints, joint rotations, muscle lengthening, and surface electromyography were recorded simultaneously. Various tied\/split walking sequences were requested. In the split condition a marked asymmetry between the parameters recorded from each of the two lower limbs, in particular from the ankle joint, was recorded. The work provided by the ankle (the main engine of body propulsion) was 4.8 and 2.2 times higher (in the 0.4 vs. 0.8, and 0.8 vs. 1.2\u2009m\/s conditions, respectively) compared with the slower side, and 1.2 and 1.1 times higher compared with the same speed in the tied condition. Compared with overground gait in hemiplegia, split gait entails an opposite spatial and dynamic asymmetry. The faster leg mimics the paretic limb temporally, but the unimpaired limb from the spatial and dynamic point of view. These differences challenge the proposed protocols of split gait as forms of therapeutic exercise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/mrr.0000000000000320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T04:33:25Z","timestamp":1539146005000},"page":"304-315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Limping on split-belt treadmills implies opposite kinematic and dynamic lower limb asymmetries"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Luigi","family":"Tesio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan"},{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Malloggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calogero","family":"Malfitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo A.","family":"Coccetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Catino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Rota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B Methodol"},{"key":"R2-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1983.sp014895","article-title":"The mechanics of walking in children","volume":"343","author":"Cavagna","year":"1983a","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"R3-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.2.606","article-title":"Ergometric evaluation of pathological gait","volume":"55","author":"Cavagna","year":"1983b","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"R4-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00227344","article-title":"Human neuronal interlimb coordination during split-belt locomotion","volume":"101","author":"Dietz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"R5-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(97)00107-3","article-title":"Footedness is a better predictor than is handedness of emotional lateralization","volume":"36","author":"Elias","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"R6-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.04.020","article-title":"Split-belt locomotion in Parkinson\u2019s disease links asymmetry, dyscoordination and sequence effect","volume":"48","author":"Fasano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"R7-20230918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.06.012","article-title":"Do spatiotemporal parameters and gait variability differ across the lifespan of healthy adults? 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