{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T10:39:21Z","timestamp":1769423961694,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) features associated tools, the Brief and Comprehensive ICF Core Sets. These are designed to be universally applicable, but have limited evidence of content validity (i.e. comprehensiveness and relevance) in low income, non-Western countries. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess the content validity of the ICF Core Sets in Nepal. We interviewed 161 participants with stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and musculoskeletal conditions and asked them to identify activities they had difficulty performing due to their health condition. We mapped 544 participant responses to the ICF and assessed if these ICF categories were represented in the respective ICF core sets. The Comprehensive Core Sets for stroke, COPD, SCI, and musculoskeletal conditions contained more items identified by participants than the respective Brief Core Sets (e.g., 89% vs. 26% in stroke). Among ICF categories that represented at least 5% of participants\u2019 responses, the Brief Core Sets covered 40%\u201371% of participants\u2019 responses whereas the Comprehensive Core Sets covered 67%\u2013100% of responses. This is the first study to evaluate the content validity of the ICF Brief and Comprehensive core sets in Nepali individuals with stroke, SCI, MSK conditions, and COPD. The Comprehensive Core Sets for stroke, COPD, and SCI have adequate content validity for use in clinical practice and research in Nepal; the Brief Core Sets may not adequately meet local and individual needs unless supplemented with additional ICF categories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/mrr.0000000000000470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]],"date-time":"2021-05-09T20:31:44Z","timestamp":1620592304000},"page":"159-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Content validity of the Brief and Comprehensive ICF Core Sets for common disabling conditions in a developing country"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Anupa","family":"Pathak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Musculoskeletal Outcomes Research (CMOR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haxby J","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Musculoskeletal Outcomes Research (CMOR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saurab","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Musculoskeletal Outcomes Research (CMOR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Cury","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research (CHARR), School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allen W.","family":"Heinemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine"},{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R6-20250525","first-page":"9","article-title":"Development of ICF Core Sets for patients with chronic conditions.","volume":"44","author":"Cieza","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"R7-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1134","article-title":"Mapping patient goals to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF): examining the content validity of the low back pain core sets.","volume":"45","author":"Bagraith","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"R8-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2174\/1874306401307010033","article-title":"Content validity of the comprehensive ICF core set for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: an international delphi survey.","volume":"7","author":"Jobst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Open Respir Med J"},{"key":"R9-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20100262","article-title":"Content validity of the Extended ICF Core Set for stroke: an international Delphi survey of physical therapists.","volume":"91","author":"Gl\u00e4ssel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"R10-20250525","first-page":"377","article-title":"The ICF Core Set for stroke from the perspective of physicians: a worldwide validation study using the Delphi technique.","volume":"46","author":"Lemberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R11-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr18s01-573","article-title":"A multidisciplinary cross-cultural measurement of functioning after stroke: Rasch analysis of the brief ICF Core Set for stroke.","volume":"18","author":"Algur\u00e9n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"key":"R12-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479973119843648","DOI":"10.1177\/1479973119843648","article-title":"Validation of the brief international classification of functioning, disability, and health core set for obstructive pulmonary disease in the Chinese context.","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chron Respir Dis"},{"key":"R13-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2010.155","article-title":"The comprehensive ICF core sets for spinal cord injury from the perspective of physical therapists: a worldwide validation study using the Delphi technique.","volume":"49","author":"Herrmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"R14-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2014.935875","article-title":"The use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to understand the health and functioning experiences of people with chronic conditions from the person perspective: a systematic review.","volume":"37","author":"Alford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"R15-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13670","article-title":"Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of Nepali version of Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index in rheumatoid arthritis patients from Nepal.","volume":"22","author":"Vaidya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R16-20250525","first-page":"1","article-title":"What matters to patients with stroke in India and why: a qualitative study.","author":"Prakash","year":"2019","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"R17-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-020-02640-0","article-title":"Development and assessment of a verbal response scale for the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) in a low-literacy, non-western population.","volume":"30","author":"Pathak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"R18-20250525","article-title":"Content validity of the Patient-Specific Functional Scale in neurological, cardiopulmonary, and musculoskeletal conditions: results of ICF mapping.","author":"Pathak"},{"key":"R19-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.","volume":"392","author":"James","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R20-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03392566","article-title":"Distressed behavior and its context.","volume":"14","author":"Biglan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Behav Anal"},{"key":"R21-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2012.3727","article-title":"The patient-specific functional scale: psychometrics, clinimetrics, and application as a clinical outcome measure.","volume":"42","author":"Horn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"R22-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20090382","article-title":"Mapping Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) items to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).","volume":"92","author":"Fairbairn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"R23-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2018.7925","article-title":"Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Nepali translation of the patient-specific functional scale.","volume":"48","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"44 Suppl","key":"R24-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/16501960410016776","article-title":"ICF Core Sets for stroke.","author":"Geyh","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"R25-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2009.183","article-title":"ICF Core Sets for individuals with spinal cord injury in the long-term context.","volume":"48","author":"Cieza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"44 Suppl","key":"R26-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1080\/16501960410016794","article-title":"ICF Core Sets for obstructive pulmonary diseases.","author":"Stucki","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"R27-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280400014006","article-title":"ICF Core Set for patients with musculoskeletal conditions in early post-acute rehabilitation facilities.","volume":"27","author":"Scheuringer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"R28-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20070211","article-title":"Interrater reliability of the extended ICF core set for stroke applied by physical therapists.","volume":"88","author":"Starrost","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"R29-20250525","first-page":"371","article-title":"The Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS): scale development, measurement properties, and clinical application. North American Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Research Network.","volume":"79","author":"Binkley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"R30-20250525","first-page":"1","article-title":"Refinements of the ICF Linking Rules to strengthen their potential for establishing comparability of health information.","volume":"41","author":"Cieza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"R31-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970510040263","article-title":"ICF linking rules: an update based on lessons learned.","volume":"37","author":"Cieza","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"R32-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/165019702760279189","article-title":"Linking health-status measurements to the international classification of functioning, disability and health.","volume":"34","author":"Cieza","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"R33-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2018.1528638","article-title":"Outcome indicators in the transitional care of people with spinal cord injury in China: a Delphi survey based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"R34-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2016.1239763","article-title":"Mapping the rehabilitation interventions of a community stroke team to the extended International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Set for Stroke.","volume":"39","author":"Evans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"R35-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0000000000000070","article-title":"Validation of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Stroke by exploring the patient\u2019s perspective on functioning in everyday life: a qualitative study.","volume":"37","author":"Paanalahti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Rehabil Res"},{"key":"R36-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2011.593680","article-title":"Validation of the extended ICF core set for stroke from the patient perspective using focus groups.","volume":"34","author":"Gl\u00e4ssel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"R37-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.750691","article-title":"Comprehensive ICF core set for obstructive pulmonary diseases: validation of the activities and participation component through the patient\u2019s perspective.","volume":"35","author":"Marques","year":"2013","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"R38-20250525","first-page":"387","article-title":"Does the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) core set for low back pain cover the patients\u2019 problems? A cross-sectional content-validity study with a Norwegian population.","volume":"44","author":"Bautz-Holter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"R39-20250525","first-page":"2301","article-title":"Validation of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Osteoarthritis (OA) in patients with knee OA: a Singaporean perspective.","volume":"34","author":"Xie","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R40-20250525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2067","article-title":"Towards the system-wide implementation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in routine practice: Lessons from a pilot study in China.","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Rehabilitation Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MRR.0000000000000470","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T20:05:25Z","timestamp":1748203525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MRR.0000000000000470"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mrr.0000000000000470","relation":{},"ISSN":["0342-5282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0342-5282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}}}