{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:06:28Z","timestamp":1790373988496,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the T-shirt test (TST) in assessing sitting stability under three thigh support conditions and with timed outcomes derived in six ways among individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI). The TST was performed five times under three thigh support conditions (85%, 55% and 25% of total thigh length) in two evaluations spaced between 7\u221214 days. For each thigh condition, six different outcomes were derived (average or best time from 2, 3, and 5 trial). All outcomes derivation showed excellent reliability on test day (intraclass correlation coefficient; ICC \u2005\u2265\u20050.997) and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC\u2005\u2265\u20050.874) for each thigh support condition. The TST showed high inverse correlations with the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III (SCIM)-mobility score for all outcomes and support conditions (\u03c1\u2265\u22120.706), except for Best-5; moderate inverse correlations with total SCIM-total scores for most outcome derivations and support conditions (\u03c1\u2265\u22120.636); and a moderate inverse correlation with confidence and capacity domains of Wheelchair Skills Test-Questionnaire for most outcome derivation and support conditions (\u03c1\u2265\u22120.504). The TST could discriminate cervical from high and low thoracic levels of injuries under minimal thigh support condition. Overall, all the TST-derived outcomes and support conditions showed adequate validity and test-retest reliability, but Best-5 had inconsistency. Under the minimal thigh support condition, all outcome derivations except Best-3 could discriminate cervical from other injury-level groups. Although all outcome derivations and thigh support conditions provided reliable results, we recommend using the average of 3 trials under the maximal thigh support condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/mrr.0000000000000600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T10:37:03Z","timestamp":1692095823000},"page":"331-337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reliability and validity of the T-shirt test for the assessment of unsupported sitting in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Francielle","family":"Romanini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Research Group (SCIR-group), Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health and Sport Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC)"},{"name":"Neuroscience Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florian\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaella M","family":"Zambetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar), S\u00e3o Carlos"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"Padula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acreditando Centro de Recupera\u00e7\u00e3o Neuromotora Sa\u00fade e Bem-estar, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta C","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acreditando Centro de Recupera\u00e7\u00e3o Neuromotora Sa\u00fade e Bem-estar, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago L","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de 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