{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:48:55Z","timestamp":1755218935569,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712620800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/ http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Colonoscopy is widely used as a tool for diagnosis, screening and treatment of various pathologies in the rectum, colon, and terminal ileum. The aim of this study is to evaluate the demographic, clinical, and histological parameters of the records of patients undergoing colonoscopy at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Materials and methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This retrospective cross-sectional study included the hospital records of all patients who underwent colonoscopy from 2015 to 2019 in a tertiary care centre in Nepal.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 1255 records were included in the study. The mean and standard deviation of age were 43.8 and 19 years, respectively. Among the total study population, 61.9% were males and 38.1% were females. Common indications for colonoscopy included lower gastrointestinal bleeding (27.7%), altered bowel habit (26.9%) and persistent or recurrent abdominal pain (17.3%). Only 3% of the patients who underwent colonoscopy had inadequate bowel preparation. The overall diagnostic yield of colonoscopy was 57.5%. Findings during colonoscopy included colorectal polyp (19.4%), internal haemorrhoids (8.2%) and colitis (6.5%). Having an age of 50 or more years was significantly associated with the presence of colorectal adenocarcinoma (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>=0.017, \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test) with an odds ratio of 2.35 (95% CI: 1.14, 4.89). Furthermore, having a female sex was found to be significantly associated with the presence of colorectal adenocarcinoma (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>=0.012, \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test) with an odds ratio of 2.43 (95% CI: 1.19, 4.97).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In the authors\u2019 study, a smaller proportion of the colonoscopies was aimed at screening for colorectal carcinoma (CRC), when compared to studies in developed countries. The sex predisposition of CRC in the authors\u2019 study is in contrast to the global trend. The authors recommend conducting studies to determine the risk factors and need for CRC screening in the Nepalese population.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ms9.0000000000002003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T14:00:35Z","timestamp":1712930435000},"page":"2633-2638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Demographic and clinical profile of patients undergoing colonoscopy at a tertiary care center in Nepal: a retrospective cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Pasanda","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prakash","family":"Sapkota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ram B.","family":"Gurung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prabhat","family":"Silwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Binay","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nishchal","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shikha","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sahasra","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yadvinder","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250806","first-page":"e34983","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and main findings of colonoscopy in Tripoli Central Hospital: a cross-sectional study of 1858 patients","volume":"15","author":"Naseer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R2-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00035","DOI":"10.15406\/jlrdt.2016.02.00035","article-title":"Overview of diagnostic and treatment colonoscopy function in gastrointestinal diseases","volume":"2","author":"Ashtari","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Liver Res Disord Ther"},{"key":"R3-20250806","first-page":"350","article-title":"Colonoscopy","volume":"42","author":"Waye","year":"1992","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"R4-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3126\/jcmsn.v16i2.28660","article-title":"Clinical profile and endoscopic findings in patients undergoing colonoscopy at a tertiary care centre of western Nepal","volume":"16","author":"Bhattarai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Coll Med Sci-Nepal"},{"key":"R5-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3126\/jcmsn.v17i1.33346","article-title":"Demographic profile of patients undergoing colonoscopy at a tertiary care centre in central Nepal","volume":"17","author":"Belbase","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Coll Med Sci-Nepal"},{"key":"R6-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.33314\/jnhrc.v19i3.3678","article-title":"Detection of Colonic polyps during colonoscopy in a tertiary care center of Nepal","volume":"19","author":"Koirala","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nepal Health Res Counc"},{"key":"R7-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3126\/jucms.v1i3.8761","article-title":"Colonoscopy: a two year experience from western Nepal","volume":"1","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Univ Coll Med Sci"},{"key":"R8-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.106165","article-title":"STROCSS 2021: Strengthening the reporting of cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies in surgery","volume":"96","author":"Mathew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"R9-20250806","first-page":"14","article-title":"Sample size calculation in medical studies","volume":"6","author":"Pourhoseingholi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench"},{"key":"R11-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7207595","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7207595","article-title":"Adenoma and polyp detection rates in colonoscopy according to indication","volume":"2017","author":"Boroff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"R12-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2019.117","article-title":"Colonoscopy quality in community hospitals and nonhospital facilities in Korea","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"R13-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihz008","article-title":"Healthcare accessibility in the rural plains (terai) of Nepal: physical factors and associated attitudes of the local population","volume":"11","author":"Ashworth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"R14-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001122","article-title":"ACG Clinical Guidelines: Colorectal Cancer Screening 2021","volume":"116","author":"Shaukat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R15-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2014.07.058","article-title":"Quality indicators for colonoscopy","volume":"81","author":"Rex","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"R16-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001036","article-title":"ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome","volume":"116","author":"Lacy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R17-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10576","DOI":"10.3389\/or.2023.10576","article-title":"Changing colorectal cancer trends in Asians: epidemiology and risk factors","volume":"17","author":"Pardamean","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncol Rev"},{"key":"R18-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30","DOI":"10.1097\/GH9.0000000000000030","article-title":"Five-year trend of colorectal cancer incidence in B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital of Central Nepal: a cross-sectional study","volume":"3","author":"Shrestha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Surg Glob Health"},{"key":"R19-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02380-0","article-title":"Clinico-pathological characteristics of obstructing colorectal cancer and its management outcomes at a tertiary referral center of Eastern Nepal","volume":"22","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R20-20250806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.07.016","article-title":"Global prevalence of colorectal neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Annals of Medicine &amp; Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MS9.0000000000002003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T13:24:07Z","timestamp":1754486647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MS9.0000000000002003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ms9.0000000000002003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-0801"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2049-0801"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-03","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-16","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}