{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:20:29Z","timestamp":1780384829455,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/nen.0000000000000033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,14]],"date-time":"2014-01-14T04:34:15Z","timestamp":1389674055000},"page":"104-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Case for Involvement of Spiroplasma in the Pathogenesis of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Frank O.","family":"Bastian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"R3-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2012.04.017","volume":"93","author":"Bastian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"R4-2-20140113","first-page":"665","volume":"103","author":"Bastian","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"R5-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)91571-3","volume":"1","author":"Bastian","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R6-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6801762","volume":"216","author":"Prusiner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R7-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2004.02.002","volume":"77","author":"Bastian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"R8-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(83)90020-5","volume":"59","author":"Leach","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"R9-2-20140113","first-page":"18","volume":"75","author":"Hamir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"R10-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47159-0","volume":"56","author":"Bastian","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R11-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/114.5.476","volume":"114","author":"Clark","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R12-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.26.10.2124-2126.1988","volume":"26","author":"Bastian","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R13-2-20140113","first-page":"307","volume":"18","author":"Clark","year":"1974","journal-title":"A slow mycoplasma-like agent Prog Med Virol"},{"key":"R14-2-20140113","first-page":"496","volume":"114","author":"Bastian","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"R15-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0769-2609(84)80066-6","volume":"135A","author":"Tully","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Microbiol (Inst Pasteur)"},{"key":"R16-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00310139","volume":"81","author":"Jeffrey","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"R17-2-20140113","first-page":"651","volume":"138","author":"Bastian","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Microbiol"},{"key":"R18-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)34934-8","volume":"2","author":"Hadlow","year":"1961","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"R19-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-33.1.1","volume":"33","author":"Spraker","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"R20-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00833.x","volume":"14","author":"Bastian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R21-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)34170-5","volume":"12","author":"Barnett","year":"1971","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"R22-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00691175","volume":"56","author":"Kozlowski","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"R23-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.11.024","volume":"129","author":"McAuliffe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"R24-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01512-06","volume":"189","author":"Simmons","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R25-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2009.01592.x","volume":"295","author":"Simmons","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"R26-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.60.080805.142106","volume":"60","author":"Barnhart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"R27-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.01.015","volume":"144","author":"Dubey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R28-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02171-08","volume":"75","author":"Perrin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"R29-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4101","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02107-08","volume":"75","author":"Jordal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"R30-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2659-2665.2001","volume":"69","author":"Gophna","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R31-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910560107","volume":"107","author":"Romero","year":"2010","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"R32-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1067484","volume":"295","author":"Chapman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R33-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8281","DOI":"10.1021\/bi200967c","volume":"50","author":"Dueholm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"R34-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.4161\/pri.2.2.6746","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prion"},{"key":"R35-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2003.11.022","volume":"12","author":"Takahasli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioorgan Med Chem"},{"key":"R36-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3540","DOI":"10.1021\/ja055973j","volume":"128","author":"Dong","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"R37-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35092","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.383737","volume":"287","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R38-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6098","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501814102","volume":"102","author":"Lundmark","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"R39-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.205310.112","volume":"26","author":"Sivanathan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"R40-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00103","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00103-13","volume":"4","author":"Serra","year":"2013","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"R41-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4894","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0861-04.2004","volume":"24","author":"Hayashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R42-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712036105","volume":"105","author":"Stohr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"R43-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2009.07007.x","volume":"276","author":"Fujihara","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"R44-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1244","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1111255108","volume":"108","author":"Klingeborn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"R45-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16378","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.172403799","volume":"99","author":"Weissmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"R46-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780257","volume":"81","author":"Xing","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"R47-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-010-0713-y","volume":"121","author":"Kovacs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"R48-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2011.03.021","volume":"78","author":"Secker","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"R49-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82228-0","volume":"88","author":"Lipscomb","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R50-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.028373","volume":"88","author":"S-Juan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R51-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1301.061004","volume":"13","author":"Hamaguchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R52-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2174\/156720510790274491","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"1010","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"R53-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/425035a","volume":"425","author":"Miller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R54-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1203","volume":"2","author":"Walter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"R55-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020032","volume":"2","author":"Johnson","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"key":"R56-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44051","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044051","volume":"7","author":"Saunders","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R57-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(82)82238-8","volume":"65","author":"Fries","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"R58-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.2307\/3897301","volume":"30","author":"Mayland","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Range Manag"},{"key":"R59-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870902100110","volume":"21","author":"Hamir","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"R60-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2008042","volume":"40","author":"Kruger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"R61-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005916","volume":"4","author":"Mathiason","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R62-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2004.04.016","volume":"36","author":"Liberski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"R63-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-006-7690-6","volume":"11","author":"Sadasivan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"R65-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.2904","volume":"2","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"R66-2-20140113","first-page":"40584","volume":"279","author":"Niu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"R67-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.4161\/oxim.3.3.12106","volume":"3","author":"Essick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"R68-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2508(89)90049-1","volume":"140","author":"Bastian","year":"1989","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"R69-2-20140113","first-page":"294","volume":"28","author":"Roikhel","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Virol"},{"key":"R70-2-20140113","first-page":"71","volume":"42","author":"Liberski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol"},{"key":"R71-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-008-8018-z","volume":"37","author":"Knobloch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"R72-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16877","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908706106","volume":"106","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"R73-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12271","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402725101","volume":"101","author":"Cronier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"R74-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201544","volume":"14","author":"Mead","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R75-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0919","volume":"8","author":"Collins","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R76-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1995.tb00577.x","volume":"5","author":"Tateishi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"R77-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1990.196.10.1678","volume":"196","author":"Hourrigan","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"R78-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.15.3.959","volume":"15","author":"Hoinville","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz"},{"key":"R79-2-20140113","first-page":"995","volume":"10","author":"Ye","year":"1995","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"R80-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2006.00087.x","volume":"57","author":"Anbutsu","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"R81-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00532-12","volume":"4","author":"Herren","year":"2013","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"R82-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.4.1094-1156.1998","volume":"62","author":"Razin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Rev"},{"key":"R83-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(66)92308-7","volume":"2","author":"Allison","year":"1966","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R85-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/104063871002200115","volume":"22","author":"Bolea","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"R86-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072649","volume":"49","author":"Bruce","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"R88-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410200314","volume":"20","author":"Kuroda","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R89-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12480-4","volume":"361","author":"Laplanchea","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R90-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2009.01592.x","volume":"295","author":"Simmons","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"R91-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3715","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00586-07","volume":"75","author":"Schaber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R92-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-245","volume":"11","author":"Sanchez","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"R93-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12207","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404650101","volume":"101","author":"Bieschke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"R94-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.4161\/pri.19430","volume":"6","author":"Orru","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prion"},{"key":"R95-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.6.813","volume":"60","author":"Geschwind","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R96-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1086\/377452","volume":"188","author":"Vandecasteele","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R97-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00132985-200412000-00008","volume":"4","author":"Moyer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurol Today"},{"key":"R98-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59143","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059143","volume":"8","author":"Xanthopoulos","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R100-2-20140113","first-page":"198","volume":"20","author":"Guo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"R101-2-20140113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jnen.0000183553.01458.87","volume":"64","author":"Bastian","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T02:42:13Z","timestamp":1716432133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnen\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1097\/NEN.0000000000000033"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/nen.0000000000000033","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3069"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3069","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}}}